4.7 Article

Gardenia carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4a is an efficient tool for biotechnological production of crocins in green and non-green plant tissues

Journal

PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
Volume 20, Issue 11, Pages 2202-2216

Publisher

WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13901

Keywords

gardenia; crocus; carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase; metabolic engineering; crocins; apocarotenoid

Funding

  1. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)

Ask authors/readers for more resources

This study reveals the enzymatic activity of GjCCD4a in plants and establishes an efficient biotechnological platform for the production of crocins in callus and tobacco leaves.
Crocins are beneficial antioxidants and potential chemotherapeutics that give raise, together with picrocrocin, to the colour and taste of saffron, the most expensive spice, respectively. Crocins are formed from crocetin dialdehyde that is produced in Crocus sativus from zeaxanthin by the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 2L (CsCCD2L), while GjCCD4a from Gardenia jasminoides, another major source of crocins, converted different carotenoids, including zeaxanthin, into crocetin dialdehyde in bacterio. To establish a biotechnological platform for sustainable production of crocins, we investigated the enzymatic activity of GjCCD4a, in comparison with CsCCD2L, in citrus callus engineered by Agrobacterium-mediated supertransformation of multi genes and in transiently transformed Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. We demonstrate that co-expression of GjCCD4a with phytoene synthase and beta-carotene hydroxylase genes is an optimal combination for heterologous production of crocetin, crocins and picrocrocin in citrus callus. By profiling apocarotenoids and using in vitro assays, we show that GjCCD4a cleaved beta-carotene, in planta, and produced crocetin dialdehyde via C-30 beta-apocarotenoid intermediate. GjCCD4a also cleaved C-27 beta-apocarotenoids, providing a new route for C-17-dialdehyde biosynthesis. Callus lines overexpressing GjCCD4a contained higher number of plastoglobuli in chromoplast-like plastids and increased contents in phytoene, C17:0 fatty acid (FA), and C18:1 cis-9 and C22:0 FA esters. GjCCD4a showed a wider substrate specificity and higher efficiency in Nicotiana leaves, leading to the accumulation of up to 1.6 mg/g dry weight crocins. In summary, we established a system for investigating CCD enzymatic activity in planta and an efficient biotechnological platform for crocins production in green and non-green crop tissues/organs.

Authors

I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.

Reviews

Primary Rating

4.7
Not enough ratings

Secondary Ratings

Novelty
-
Significance
-
Scientific rigor
-
Rate this paper

Recommended

No Data Available
No Data Available