Experimental study of liquid spreading and atomization due to jet impingement in liquid-liquid systems

Liquid spreading and atomization due to jet impingement in liquid-liquid systems is considered to be crucial for understanding cooling behavior of high temperature molten martial into shallow water pool. This phenomenon takes place where a liquid jet enters a pool filled with another immiscible liquid. The jet spreads radially after impinging on the floor while forming a thin liquid film and atomizing droplets. In this study, we employed three-dimensional Laser-Induced Fluorescence (3D-LIF) measurements and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction to quantify its unsteady three-dimensional behavior. Under high flow velocity conditions, atomization occurred along with the spreading of the liquid film. To evaluate the spreading behavior of the liquid film, a comparison was made with the existing theory of gas-liquid systems. The spreading of the liquid film was suppressed compared with that of the gas-liquid system. Furthermore, the particle tracking velocimetry method was successfully used to measure the velocity boundary layer and velocity profile in the liquid film, which are important factors that affect the spreading mechanism of the liquid film. The results revealed that in liquid-liquid systems, shear stress at the liquid-liquid interface causes a decrease in the flow velocity and suppressed development of the velocity boundary layer. To evaluate the atomization behavior, the number and diameter distribution of the atomized droplets were measured from the acquired three-dimensional shape data of the jet. The number of droplets increased with the flow velocity. The results show that the jump radius is affected by such atomization behavior, and since the jump radius was lower than the theoretical value, we can conclude that the location of the hydraulic jump is expected to undergo an upstream transition.

Automated summary

Liquid spreading and atomization due to jet impingement in liquid-liquid systems is crucial for understanding the cooling behavior of high temperature molten martial into shallow water pool. This study employed 3D-LIF measurements and reconstruction to quantify the unsteady three-dimensional behavior of the liquid spreading and atomization. The spreading behavior of the liquid film was suppressed compared to gas-liquid systems, and the number of atomized droplets increased with flow velocity.