4.7 Review

The gut-lung axis in severe acute Pancreatitis-associated lung injury: The protection by the gut microbiota through short-chain fatty acids

Journal

PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Volume 182, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106321

Keywords

Severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury; Gut microbiota; Short-chain fatty acids; Gut-lung axis; Metabolism & immunity

Funding

  1. National Key Research and Devel-opment Programmes of China [2019YFE0119300]
  2. National Natural Science Foundation of China [82074158, 82104594]

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This review discusses the role of gut microbiota in regulating intestinal homeostasis and the pathogenesis of severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury (PALI). It focuses on the involvement of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in PALI and summarizes potential therapeutic interventions targeting SCFAs.
The role of gut microbiota in regulating the intestinal homeostasis, as well as the pathogenesis of severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury (PALI) is widely recognized. The bioactive functions of metabolites with small molecule weight and the detail molecular mechanisms of PALI mediated by gut-lung axis have gradually raised the attentions of researchers. Several studies have proved that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by gut microbiome play crucial roles and varied activities in the process of PALI. However, relevant reviews reporting SCFAs in the involvement of PALI is lacking. In this review, we firstly introduced the synthetic and metabolic pathways of SCFAs, as well as the transport and signal transduction routes in brief. Afterwards, we focused on the possible mechanisms and clues of SCFAs to participate in the fight against PALI which referred to the inhibition of pathogen proliferation, anti-inflammatory effects, enhancement of intestinal barrier functions, and the maintenance and regulation of immune homeostasis via pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In addition, the latest reported pathological and physiological mechanisms of the gut-lung axis involved in PALI were reviewed. Finally, we summarized the potential therapeutic interventions of PALI by targeting SCFAs, including dietary fiber supplementation, direct supplementation of SCFAs/prebiotics/probiotics, and drugs administration, which is expected to provide new sights for clinical use in the future.

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