Respiratory influence on brain dynamics: the preponderant role of the nasal pathway and deep slow regime

As a possible body signal influencing brain dynamics, respiration is fundamental for perception, cognition, and emotion. The olfactory system has recently acquired its credentials by proving to be crucial in the transmission of respiratory influence on the brain via the sensitivity to nasal airflow of its receptor cells. Here, we present recent findings evidencing respiration-related activities in the brain. Then, we review the data explaining the fact that breathing is (i) nasal and (ii) being slow and deep is crucial in its ability to stimulate the olfactory system and consequently influence the brain. In conclusion, we propose a possible scenario explaining how this optimal respiratory regime can promote changes in brain dynamics of an olfacto-limbic-respiratory circuit, providing a possibility to induce calm and relaxation by coordinating breathing regime and brain state.

Automated summary

Respiration, as a possible body signal influencing brain dynamics, plays a fundamental role in perception, cognition, and emotion. Recent findings have demonstrated the crucial role of the olfactory system in transmitting the respiratory influence on the brain through the sensitivity of its receptor cells to nasal airflow. Slow and deep nasal breathing is crucial in stimulating the olfactory system and thereby influencing the brain. It is suggested that coordinating breathing regime and brain state in an olfacto-limbic-respiratory circuit can promote calm and relaxation.