Graphdiyne oxide nanosheets reprogram immunosuppressive macrophage for cancer immunotherapy

Graphdiyne oxide (GDYO) nanosheets have remarkable electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties, which is hoped to act a better alternative for biomedical applications. Tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) is a promising cell population for nanotechnology application to cancer immunotherapy. In the present study, we found M2-like macrophages can be polarized to kill cancer cells with GDYO treatment via acti-vation of pro-inflammatory pathways and GDYO injected intraperitoneally reduced tumor growth in a melanoma-bearing mouse model. In addition, GDYO activated cytotoxic T cells either directly or indirectly via macrophages, enhancing checkpoint inhibitor response in a breast cancer model. We expect that GDYO has invoked both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system that are likely to enhance efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. (c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Graphdiyne oxide (GDYO) nanosheets exhibit excellent properties and have the potential to be used in biomedical applications. In this study, it was found that M2-like macrophages could kill cancer cells with GDYO treatment by activating pro-inflammatory pathways. Intraperitoneal injection of GDYO also reduced tumor growth in a melanoma-bearing mouse model. Additionally, GDYO activated cytotoxic T cells directly or indirectly through macrophages, enhancing the response to checkpoint inhibitors in a breast cancer model. GDYO has the potential to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy by activating both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system.