Journal
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
Volume 515, Issue 4, Pages 4953-4980Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stac1736
Keywords
gravitational lensing: strong; galaxies: general; cosmology: miscellaneous
Categories
Funding
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science
- Center for High Performance Computing at the University of Utah
- Brazilian Participation Group
- Carnegie Institution for Science,Carnegie Mellon University
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard Smithsonian
- Chilean Participation Group
- French Participation Group
- Instituto de Astrof'isica de Canarias
- Johns Hopkins University
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU)/University of Tokyo
- Korean Participation Group
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Leibniz Institut fur Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP)
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg)
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Astrophysik (MPA Garching)
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE)
- National Astronomical Observatories of China
- New Mexico State University
- New York University
- University of Notre Dame
- The Ohio State University
- Pennsylvania State University
- Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
- United Kingdom Participation Group
- Universidad Nacional Aut 'onoma de M'exico
- University of Arizona
- University of Colorado Boulder
- University of Oxford
- University of Portsmouth
- University of Utah
- University of Virginia
- University of Washington
- University of Wisconsin
- Vanderbilt University
- Yale University
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In this study, candidate emission-lines of strong galaxy-galaxy gravitational lens were detected using spectroscopic methods. The researchers utilized various techniques to determine the probable strong lensing regime for each candidate and provided spectroscopic redshifts and narrow-band images as data.
We spectroscopically detected candidate emission-lines of 8 likely, 17 probable, and 69 possible strong galaxy-galaxy gravitational lens candidates found within the spectra of approximate to 10 000 galaxy targets contained within the completed Mapping of Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory survey. This search is based upon the methodology of the Spectroscopic Identification of Lensing Objects project, which extends the spectroscopic detection methods of the BOSS Emission-Line Lensing Survey and the Sloan Lens ACS Survey. We scanned the co-added residuals that we constructed from stacks of foreground subtracted row-stacked-spectra so a sigma-clipping method can be used to reject cosmic rays and other forms of transients that impact only a small fraction of the combined exposures. We also constructed narrow-band images from the signal to noise of the co-added residuals to observe signs of lensed source images. We also use several methods to compute the probable strong lensing regime for each candidate lens to determine which candidate background galaxies may reside sufficiently near the galaxy centre for strong lensing to occur. We present the spectroscopic redshifts within a value-added catalogue (VAC) for data release 17 (DR17) of SDSS-IV. We also present the lens candidates, spectroscopic data, and narrow-band images within a VAC for DR17. High resolution follow-up imaging of these lens candidates are expected to yield a sample of confirmed grade-A lenses with sufficient angular size to probe possible discrepancies between the mass derived from a best-fitting lens model, and the dynamical mass derived from the observed stellar velocities.
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