Journal
MOLECULES
Volume 27, Issue 15, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27155023
Keywords
bladder cancer; urine analyses; volatile organic compounds; GCxGC TOF MS
Funding
- Torun Center of Excellence Towards Personalized Medicine
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In this study, headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC TOF MS) were used to analyze the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urine samples of bladder cancer patients and healthy individuals. The results showed that there were different VOC profiles between bladder cancer patients and healthy individuals. Several potential biomarkers were identified.
Bladder cancer is one of most common types of cancer diagnosed in the genitourinary tract. Typical tests are costly and characterized by low sensitivity, which contributes to a growing interest in volatile biomarkers. Head space solid phase microextraction (SPME) was applied for the extraction of volatile organic compounds from urine samples, and gas chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC TOF MS) was used for the separation and detection of urinary volatiles. A cohort of 40 adult patients with bladder cancer and 57 healthy persons was recruited. Different VOC profiles were obtained for urine samples taken from each group. Twelvecompounds were found only in the samples from theBC group.The proposed candidate biomarkers are butyrolactone; 2-methoxyphenol; 3-methoxy-5-methylphenol; 1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-dien-1-yl)-2-buten-1-one; nootkatone and 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)-2-buten-1-one.Since most of the studies published in the field are proving the potential of VOCs detected in urine samples for the screening and discrimination of patients with bladder cancer from healthy, but rarely presenting the identity of proposed biomarkers, our study represents a novel approach.
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