4.7 Review

Bioinformatics roadmap for therapy selection in cancer genomics

Journal

MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY
Volume 16, Issue 21, Pages 3881-3908

Publisher

WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13286

Keywords

bioinformatics; drug prioritisation; next-generation sequencing; precision oncology; treatment selection; tumour heterogeneity

Categories

Funding

  1. Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)
  2. Project IMPaCT-Data - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) [IMP/00019]
  3. EU-FEDER 'Una manera de hacer Europa'
  4. AEI/MCI/FEDER, UE [RETOS RTI2018-097596-B-I00]
  5. Paradifference Foundation

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Tumour heterogeneity, which can be categorized into inter- or intratumour heterogeneity, is a main characteristic of cancer. Precision oncology is an emerging field that aims to design tailored treatments for each patient based on their data. This review describes the current approaches for therapy selection based on different types of tumour heterogeneity and provides bioinformatics tools for personalized treatment selection.
Tumour heterogeneity is one of the main characteristics of cancer and can be categorised into inter- or intratumour heterogeneity. This heterogeneity has been revealed as one of the key causes of treatment failure and relapse. Precision oncology is an emerging field that seeks to design tailored treatments for each cancer patient according to epidemiological, clinical and omics data. This discipline relies on bioinformatics tools designed to compute scores to prioritise available drugs, with the aim of helping clinicians in treatment selection. In this review, we describe the current approaches for therapy selection depending on which type of tumour heterogeneity is being targeted and the available next-generation sequencing data. We cover intertumour heterogeneity studies and individual treatment selection using genomics variants, expression data or multi-omics strategies. We also describe intratumour dissection through clonal inference and single-cell transcriptomics, in each case providing bioinformatics tools for tailored treatment selection. Finally, we discuss how these therapy selection workflows could be integrated into the clinical practice.

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