Antibacterial and antibiotic modifying activity of chalcone (2E)-1-(4'-aminophenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one in strains of Staphylococcus aureus carrying NorA and MepA efflux pumps: In vitro and in silico approaches

A large number of infections are caused by multi-resistant bacteria worldwide, increasing to around 700,000 deaths per year. Because of that, many strategies are being developed to combat the resistance of microorganisms to drugs, and recently, chalcones have been studied for this purpose. Chalcones are known as alpha, beta-unsaturated ketones, characterized by having the presence of two aromatic rings that are joined by a three-carbon chain. They are a class of compounds considered an exceptional model due to chemical simplicity and a wide variety of biological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, antimicrobials, anti-tuberculosis, anti-HIV, antimalarial, anti-allergic, antifungal, antibacterial, and antileishmaniasis. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiotic modifying activity of chalcone (2E)-1-(4 & PRIME;-aminophenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus carrying a NorA and MepA efflux pump. The results showed that chalcone showed no toxicity on macrophage cells and was able to synergistically modulate the action of Norfloxacin and Ethidium Bromide against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus 1199B and K2068, respectively. Furthermore, the theoretical physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of chalcone showed that it did not present a severe risk of toxicity such as genetic mutation or cardiotoxicity, constituting an excellent pharmacological active ingredient.

Automated summary

A large number of infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria result in approximately 700,000 deaths per year worldwide. Chalcones have been studied for their ability to combat microbial resistance to drugs. This research evaluates the antibacterial and antibiotic modifying activity of chalcone (2E)-1-(4'-aminophenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria carrying specific efflux pumps. The results show that chalcone not only has no toxicity on macrophage cells but also synergistically enhances the effects of Norfloxacin and Ethidium Bromide against Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, chalcone exhibits favorable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, making it a promising pharmacological active ingredient.