Ceftazidime-avibactam and intrapleural amikacin therapy for extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa thoracic empyema A case report

Introduction: Thoracic empyema and concomitant bronchopleural fistula are serious complications of pneumonia. The treatment of empyema caused by extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (XDR-PA) has become increasingly challenging. Patient's concerns and important clinical findings: A 57-year-old woman with controlled schizophrenia developed hospital-associated bacterial pneumonia secondary to P. aeruginosa on day 13 of hospitalization for brain meningioma surgery. Diagnosis: Chest radiography and computed tomography revealed right-sided necrotizing pneumonia with pneumothorax, a focal soft tissue defect over the right lower chest wall, and a mild right-sided encapsulated pleural effusion with consolidation. XDR-PA was isolated on empyema cultures. Interventions: The patient was treated with intrapleural amikacin as a bridge to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, followed by novel ceftazidime-avibactam therapy. Outcomes: On the 104th day of admission, the patient underwent chest wall debridement and closure. The patient was discharged on day 111. Twenty-eight days after discharge, there were no observable sequelae of empyema. Conclusion: Although the minimum inhibitory concentration of ceftazidime-avibactam for XDR-PA is relatively high (8 mg/L), this report emphasizes the efficacy of ceftazidime-avibactam treatment for XDR-PA empyema, as well as the importance of source control.

Automated summary

Thoracic empyema and concomitant bronchopleural fistula are serious complications of pneumonia. This case report highlights the successful treatment of extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (XDR-PA) empyema with ceftazidime-avibactam therapy, emphasizing the importance of source control.