Journal
LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE
Volume 54, Issue 8, Pages 1143-1156Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23580
Keywords
breast cancer; discriminant analysis; optical diagnosis; partial least squares regression; principal component analysis; Raman spectroscopy
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Funding
- FAPESP (Sao Paulo Research Foundation) [2009/01788-5]
- CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) [306344/2017-3]
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Raman spectroscopy was used to discriminate human breast cancer and its subtypes from normal tissue with high accuracy, making it a useful tool for cancer diagnosis.
Objectives Raman spectroscopy has been used to discriminate human breast cancer and its different tumor molecular subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, HER2, and triple-negative) from normal tissue in surgical specimens. Materials and Methods Breast cancer and normal tissue samples from 31 patients were obtained by surgical resection and submitted for histopathology. Before anatomopathological processing, the samples had been submitted to Raman spectroscopy (830 nm, 25 mW excitation laser parameters). In total, 424 Raman spectra were obtained. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used in an exploratory analysis to unveil the compositional differences between the tumors and normal tissues. Discriminant models were developed to distinguish the different cancer subtypes by means of partial least squares (PLS) regression. Results PCA vectors showed spectral features referred to the biochemical constitution of breast tissues, such as lipids, proteins, amino acids, and carotenoids, where lipids were decreased and proteins were increased in breast tumors. Despite the small spectral differences between the different subtypes of tumor and normal tissues, the discriminant model based on PLS was able to discriminate the spectra of the breast tumors from normal tissues with an accuracy of 97.3%, between luminal and nonluminal subtypes with an accuracy of 89.9%, between nontriple-negative and triple-negative with an accuracy of 94.7%, and each molecular subtype with an accuracy of 73.0%. Conclusion PCA could reveal the compositional difference between tumors and normal tissues, and PLS could discriminate the Raman spectra of breast tissues regarding the molecular subtypes of cancer, being a useful tool for cancer diagnosis.
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