Journal
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
Volume 169, Issue 6, Pages -Publisher
ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ac76e8
Keywords
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Funding
- NSERC
- Tesla Canada
- Ernst Jaakson Memorial Fund
- NSERC Vanier CGS
- Killam Foundation
- Nova Scotia Graduate Scholarship
- China Scholarship Council
- Walter C. Sumner Foundation
- Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC)
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In this study, the performance of commercial pouch cells with Li1.11Ni0.34Mn0.53Al0.02O2/graphite (LNMA) and Li1.167Ni0.183Mn0.558Co0.092O2/graphite (LNMC) electrodes was evaluated under different cycling conditions. The best performing electrolyte for high voltage LNMA cells was Control + 2% fluoroethylene carbonate + 1% lithium difluorophosphate + 1% lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate, retaining 87% capacity after 720 cycles. LNMA cells cycled to 4.25 V and LNMC cells cycled to 4.44 V at 40 degrees C could cycle for 1000 cycles with 80% capacity retention.
In this work, the performance of commercial (250-300 mAh) Li1.11Ni0.34Mn0.53Al0.02O2/graphite (LNMA) and Li1.167Ni0.183Mn0.558Co0.092O2/graphite (LNMC) pouch cells was evaluated using different cycling drive profiles, temperatures, formation voltages, cycling upper and lower cut-off voltages. A variety of electrolyte additives and additive combinations were tested in the LNMA cells. The best performing electrolyte in high voltage LNMA cells (4.6 V upper cut-off) was Control + 2% fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) + 1% lithium difluorophosphate (LFO) + 1% lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB) with 87% capacity retention after 720 cycles. LNMA cells cycled to 4.25 V and LNMC cells cycled to 4.44 V at 40 degrees C were able to cycle for 1000 cycles before reaching 80% capacity. These materials can have surprisingly good high-voltage performance, but we stress that a fundamental breakthrough that can eliminate the voltage fade that is ubiquitous in Li-rich and Mn-rich materials is necessary to make Li-rich materials competitive with existing cell chemistries. We demonstrate that the high specific capacity of Li-rich materials can be deceptive when making conclusions about the energy density of Li-rich/graphite full cells. Hopefully, these results can set a baseline for other researchers in the Li-rich space.
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