Journal
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
Volume 144, Issue 33, Pages 15391-15402Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07443
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51773076, 21871060, 81271476, 31870991]
- Innovation and Technology Commission [ITC-CNERC14SC01, ITCPD/17-9]
- Research Grants Council of Hong Kong [16306620, 16303221, N_HKUST609/19]
- Material Science Foundation of Guangdong Province [2019B121205012, 2019B030-301003]
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet [MWLC19SC02]
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This article introduces a new NIR-II fluorescence imaging technique, which utilizes the AIE strategy to design a NIR-II dye with high QY. The dye is used for CL and PL resonance energy transfer, achieving high-quality imaging in animal experiments.
Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) using small-molecule dyes has high potential for clinical use. However, many NIR-II dyes suffer from the emission quenching effect and extremely low quantum yields (QYs) in the practical usage forms. The AIE strategy has been successfully utilized to develop NIR-II dyes with donor-acceptor (D-A) structures with acceptable QYs in the aggregate state, but there is still large room for QY improvement. Here, we rationally designed a NIR-II emissive dye named TPE-BBT and its derivative (TPEO-BBT) by changing the electron-donating triphenylamine unit to tetraphenylethylene (TPE). Their nanoparticles exhibited ultrahigh relative QYs of 31.5% and 23.9% in water, respectively. By using an integrating sphere, the absolute QY of TPE-BBT nanoparticles was measured to be 1.8% in water. Its crystals showed an absolute QY of 10.4%, which is the highest value among organic small molecules reported so far. The optimized D-A interaction and the higher rigidity of TPE-BBT in the aggregate state are believed to be the two key factors for its ultrahigh QY. Finally, we utilized TPE-BBT for NIR-II photoluminescence (PL) and chemiluminescence (CL) bioimaging through successive CL resonance energy transfer and Fo''rster resonance energy transfer processes. The ultrahigh QY of TPE-BBT realized an excellent PL imaging quality in mouse blood vessels and an excellent CL imaging quality in the local arthrosis inflammation in mice with a high signal-to-background ratio of 130. Thus, the design strategy presented here brings new possibilities for the development of bright NIR-II dyes and NIR-II bioimaging technologies.
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