Efficient Synthesis of Orphaned Cyclopropanes Using Sulfones as Carbene Equivalents

Small molecules containing 1,1-dimethylcyclopropanes are prevalent throughout nature but are difficult to synthesize using state-of-the-art metal-catalyzed carbene transfer methods without competing 1,2-hydride shifts. Herein, we introduce a mechanistically distinct platform to transfer 1,1-dialkylcarbene units to olefins using carbometalation reactions of dialkyl sulfonyl anions. In the presence of NaNH2 or n-BuLi in ethereal solvents, dialkyl sulfones react with styrenes and arylbutadienes between 23 and 70 degrees C to produce the corresponding 1,1-dialkylcyclopropanes. We report 40 examples of this reactivity including 16 different styrenes (up to 89% isolated yield), 9 arylbutadienes (51-88% yield), and 13 different sulfones (46-80% yield). In addition, we report an example of a sequential cyclopropanation reaction using this method. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest a stepwise anionic process that is initiated by the direct addition of sulfonyl anions to a carbon-carbon double bond.

Automated summary

In this study, a new platform for transferring 1,1-dialkylcarbene units to olefins using carbometalation reactions was introduced. By reacting dialkyl sulfones with styrenes and arylbutadienes, 1,1-dialkylcyclopropanes were synthesized successfully. The potential of this method was showcased through various examples.