Characteristics of rural registered nurses and the implications for workforce policy

Purpose Rural registered nurses (RNs) play an integral role in providing care for an underserved population with worse health outcomes than urban counterparts. However, little information is available on the profile of this workforce, which is necessary to understand the capacity of these nurses to provide quality and demanded care presently and in the future. Methods We utilize data from the American Community Survey to provide a contemporary analysis on the supply of rural RNs in the United States. Findings While the number of physicians serving rural populations has decreased in recent years, and rural nurse practitioners (NPs) remain in short supply, rural RNs have steadily grown in numbers at a rate comparable to urban RNs. Rural RNs are markedly less diverse than the populations they serve and only half of rural RNs had a bachelor's degree or higher compared to over 70% for urban RNs. In their supply, young rural nurses appear on pace with urban nurses to adequately replace older nurses and continue to grow the workforce, based on data through 2019. Conclusions The rural RN workforce is projected to steadily grow amidst declining rural physicians and limited rural NPs. The burgeoning investments in the rural health workforce present opportunities to help diversify, increase educational access, and further rural readiness for rural RNs moving forward.

Automated summary

The number of rural registered nurses (RNs) in the United States is steadily growing, comparable to the growth rate of urban RNs. However, rural RNs are less diverse and less educated compared to urban RNs. Young rural nurses are on track to adequately replace older nurses and continue the growth of the workforce in rural areas.