Journal
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS
Volume 49, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
IOP Publishing Ltd
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6471/ac7216
Keywords
particle physics; parton distribution functions; large hadron collider; quantum chromodynamics
Categories
Funding
- Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/P000274/1, ST/T000856/1]
- STFC [ST/P000630/1, ST/T000600/1]
- US Department of Energy [DE-SC0010129]
- Dutch Research Council (NWO)
- ASDI grant of The Netherlands eScience Center
- US National Science Foundation [PHY-2112829]
- UNAM
- DGAPA-PAPIIT [IN111222]
- CONACyT-Ciencia de Frontera 2019 [51244]
- PITT PACC
- Leverhulme Trust
- Fermi Research Alliance, LLC [DE-AC02-07CH11359]
- US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics
- JLab EIC Center Fellowship
- European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme [740006]
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This article presents an updated global PDF fit, PDF4LHC21, which combines the CT18, MSHT20, and NNPDF3.1 sets using Monte Carlo methods. The new combination shows modest uncertainties reduction for key LHC processes compared to its predecessor, PDF4LHC15. Extensive benchmark studies are performed to understand the differences between the three global PDF sets. The phenomenological implications of PDF4LHC21 for a selection of cross sections at the LHC are also studied.
A precise knowledge of the quark and gluon structure of the proton, encoded by the parton distribution functions (PDFs), is of paramount importance for the interpretation of high-energy processes at present and future lepton-hadron and hadron-hadron colliders. Motivated by recent progress in the PDF determinations carried out by the CT, MSHT, and NNPDF groups, we present an updated combination of global PDF fits: PDF4LHC21. It is based on the Monte Carlo combination of the CT18, MSHT20, and NNPDF3.1 sets followed by either its Hessian reduction or its replica compression. Extensive benchmark studies are carried out in order to disentangle the origin of the differences between the three global PDF sets. In particular, dedicated fits based on almost identical theory settings and input datasets are performed by the three groups, highlighting the role played by the respective fitting methodologies. We compare the new PDF4LHC21 combination with its predecessor, PDF4LHC15, demonstrating their good overall consistency and a modest reduction of PDF uncertainties for key LHC processes such as electroweak gauge boson production and Higgs boson production in gluon fusion. We study the phenomenological implications of PDF4LHC21 for a representative selection of inclusive, fiducial, and differential cross sections at the LHC. The PDF4LHC21 combination is made available via the LHAPDF library and provides a robust, user-friendly, and efficient method to estimate the PDF uncertainties associated to theoretical calculations for the upcoming Run III of the LHC and beyond.
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