Journal
JOURNAL OF HUMAN LACTATION
Volume 38, Issue 4, Pages 711-722Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/08903344221104717
Keywords
Brazil; breastfeeding; cultural norms; ethics; formula marketing; Human Migration; International Code of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes; Portugal; qualitative methods
Categories
Funding
- FEDER funds through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization
- Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT
- Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education) [POCI-010145-FEDER-016874, PTDC/DTPSAP/6384/2014]
- Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)
- FCT [UIDB/04750/2020 e LA/P/0064/2020, PD/BD/128082/2016]
- Human Potential Operating Program of the European Social Fund (POPH/FSE Program)
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [PD/BD/128082/2016] Funding Source: FCT
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The study revealed that Brazilian immigrants were more aware of the potential negative influence of human-milk substitutes marketing compared to natives, and sociocultural factors played a protective role on their breastfeeding intention and practice.
Background The International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes is a global public health policy aiming to protect breastfeeding from the influence of human-milk substitutes marketing. Brazil is one of the few countries substantially implementing it. Most countries adopted selected provisions, including Portugal. Research Aim To explore whether Brazilians' perspectives about breastfeeding intention and practice are influenced by human-milk substitutes marketing upon migration to Portugal. Methods A qualitative, prospective, cross-sectional survey design was conducted in Brazil and Portugal (2018-2019). Qualitative semi-structured interviews were performed with native (n = 16) and immigrant (n = 15) Brazilians. Women aged 18 or above, mothers of 0-12 month infants, and without contraindications to breastfeed, were eligible for the study. Heterogeneity sampling was employed based on socioeconomic status and infants' age. Content analysis was conducted using NVivo. Results Brazilian immigrants were more aware of the potential negative influence of human-milk substitutes marketing than natives. Sociocultural factors contributed to Brazilian immigrants being less permeable to the influence of human-milk substitutes marketing in the host country, where a less protective breastfeeding environment was perceived. Conclusions Sociocultural factors including breastfeeding promotion strategies and a strong breastfeeding culture in the home country appear to play a protective role on breastfeeding intention and practice among Brazilians migrating to Portugal.
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