Unraveling the hazardous impact of diverse contaminants in the marine environment: Detection and remedial approach through nanomaterials and nano-biosensors

Marine pollution is one of the most underlooked forms of pollution as it affects most aquatic lives and public health in the coastal area. The diverse form of the hazardous pollutant in the marine ecosystem leads the serious genetic level disorders and diseases which include cancer, diabetes, arthritis, reproductive, and neurological diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and several microbial infections. Therefore, a recent alarming study on these pollutants, the microplastics have been voiced out in many countries worldwide, it was even found to be in the human placenta. In recent times, nanomaterials have demonstrated their potential in the detection and remediation of sensitive contaminants. In this review, we presented a comprehensive overview of the source, and distribution of diverse marine pollution on both aquatic and human health by summarizing the concentration of diverse pollutions (heavy metals, pesticides, microbial toxins, and micro/nano plastics) in marine samples such as soil, water, and seafood. Followed by emphasizing its ecotoxicological impact on aquatic animal life and coastal public health. Also discussed are the applicability and advancements of nanomaterials and nano-based biosensors in the detection, prevention, and remediation of diverse pollution in the marine ecosystem

Automated summary

Marine pollution is a highly overlooked form of pollution that seriously affects aquatic life and public health in coastal areas. Various hazardous pollutants in the marine ecosystem have been linked to genetic disorders and diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders. Recent studies have highlighted the presence of microplastics, even in the human placenta, raising concerns globally. Nanomaterials have shown promise in detecting and remediating these contaminants. This comprehensive review discusses the sources and distribution of diverse marine pollution, as well as its impact on aquatic animals and coastal public health. The applicability and advancement of nanomaterials and nano-based biosensors in detecting, preventing, and remediating marine pollution are also examined.