Journal
JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
Volume 101, Issue 4, Pages 822-833Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15140
Keywords
climate change; fertility; fish reproduction; gamete quality; gametogenesis; ocean acidification
Categories
Funding
- Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung [FKZ 03F0655B, FKZ 03F0728B]
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI)
- AQUAEXCEL [TNA 0092/06/08/21]
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [FKZ 03F0655B]
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The impacts of global warming and ocean acidification on fish reproduction, specifically Atlantic cod, were investigated. The study found that both warming and the combination of warming and acidification resulted in reduced gamete quality and fertilization success in farmed cod. These findings suggest potential loss of spawning habitat in the future.
Impacts of global warming and CO2-related ocean acidification (OA) on fish reproduction may include chronic effects on gametogenesis and gamete quality, as well as acute effects on external fertilisation. Here, temperature thresholds and OA-sensitivity of gametogenesis and fertilisation were investigated in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. Three broodstock groups of farmed cod (FC 1-3) were exposed for 3 months to three maturation conditions (FC 1: control, 6 degrees C/400 mu atm CO2; FC 2: warming, 9.5 degrees C/400 mu atm; FC 3: warming and OA, 9.5 degrees C/1100 mu atm). In addition, a broodstock group of wild cod (WC) was kept at control conditions to compare the acute temperature window of fertilisation with that of farmed cod (FC 1). Fertilisations were conducted in a temperature-gradient table at 10 temperatures (between -1.5 and 12 degrees C) and two CO2 levels (400/1100 mu atm). In FC 1 and WC, fertilisation success was relatively high between 0.5 degrees C and 11 degrees C (T-Range of c. 10.5 degrees C), indicating similar gamete quality in farmed and wild broodstocks kept at control conditions. Exposure of farmed broodstocks to warming (FC 2) and the combination of warming and OA (FC 3) impaired gamete quality, causing a reduction in fertilisation success of -20% (FC 2) and - 42% (FC 3) compared to FC 1. The acute temperature window of fertilisation narrowed from FC 1 (T-Range = 10.4 degrees C) to FC 2 (T-Range = 8.8 degrees C) and FC 3 (T-Range = 5.9 degrees C). Acute effects of CO2 on fertilisation success were not significant. This study demonstrates potential climate change impacts on gametogenesis and fertilisation in Atlantic cod, suggesting the loss of spawning habitat in the coming decades.
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