4.7 Article

Vitronectin-Derived Peptide Promotes Reparative Dentin Formation

Journal

JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH
Volume 101, Issue 12, Pages 1481-1489

Publisher

SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/00220345221101506

Keywords

dental pulp; dental pulp exposure; peptides; pulp capping; regeneration; vitronectin

Funding

  1. National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2018R1A5A2024418, NRF-2019R 1F1A1054209, NRF-2020R1A2C1007725]
  2. Korean government, Republic of Korea

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This study demonstrates that VnP-16 promotes odontoblast differentiation, mineralization, and reparative dentin formation in a pulp exposure model. VnP-16 showed comparable effects to vitronectin in promoting cellular behavior in human dental pulp cells. It also induced reparative dentin formation similar to MTA and rhBMP-2 without causing inflammation.
Exposed dental pulp can maintain its vitality through a pulp-capping procedure with biocompatible materials, followed by reparative dentin formation. Our previous study demonstrated that a vitronectin-derived peptide (VnP-16) promotes osteoblast differentiation and concomitantly restrains osteoclast differentiation and resorptive function. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate that VnP-16 promotes odontoblast differentiation, mineralization, and reparative dentin formation in a pulp exposure model using a rat tooth. VnP-16 showed no cytotoxicity and promoted cellular behavior in human dental pulp cells, enhancing their differentiation into odontoblast-like cells and mineralization, effects that are comparable to those obtained with vitronectin. In a rat pulp exposure model, VnP-16 showed mild inflammatory responses at 2 and 4 wk or none. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) demonstrated a tendency of early formation of reparative dentin at 2 wk when compared with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) and VnP-16. However, VnP-16 induced reparative dentin formation similar to MTA and rhBMP-2 without inflammation at 4 wk. In addition, VnP-16 showed a thicker and homogeneous reparative dentin formation versus MTA and rhBMP-2. Collectively, these results suggest that VnP-16 can be a useful, direct pulp-capping agent for highly qualified reparative dentin formation by promoting cell behavior and odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells.

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