Future Changes of East Asian Extratropical Cyclones in the CMIP5 Models

Future changes of extratropical cyclones (ETCs) over East Asia are investigated using the models participating in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). To quantify ETC frequency, intensity, and genesis changes in a warming climate, the objective tracking algorithm is applied to nine CMIP5 models. These models provide 6-hourly wind data with no missing values in the high-terrain regions. The historical simulations reasonably well capture the spatial distribution of ETC properties, except for nonnegligible biases in and downstream of the high-terrain regions. Such biases are particularly pronounced in the models with a coarse spatial resolution and smooth topography, which weaken lee cyclogenesis. The best five models, which show better performance for historical simulations than other models, are used to evaluate the possible changes of East Asian ETCs under the RCP8.5 scenario. These models project a reduced cyclogenesis on the leeward side of the Tibetan Plateau, and over the East China Sea and western North Pacific in the late twenty-first century, resulting in a reduced ETC frequency from the east coast of China to the western North Pacific. The ETC intensity also shows a hint of weakening over the North Pacific. These ETC property changes are largely consistent with an enhanced static stability and a reduced vertical wind shear in a warming climate. This result indicates that the local baroclinicity, instead of increased moisture content, may play a critical role in determining the future changes of East Asian ETCs.

Automated summary

This study investigates the future changes of extratropical cyclones (ETCs) over East Asia using models from CMIP5. The results suggest that under a warming climate, there may be a reduction in the frequency of ETCs on the leeward side of the Tibetan Plateau, East China Sea, and western North Pacific. Additionally, there is a hint of weakening in ETC intensity over the North Pacific. These changes are largely influenced by enhanced static stability and reduced vertical wind shear.