Subcellular analysis of nuclear and cytoplasmic redox indices differentiates breast cancer cell subtypes better than nuclear-to-cytoplasmic area ratio

Significance: Stratification of malignancy is valuable for cancer treatment. Both optical redox imaging (ORI) indices and nuclear-to-cytoplasmic volume/area ratio (N:C ratio) have been investigated to differentiate between cancers with varying aggressiveness, but these two methods have not been directly compared. The redox status in the cell nucleus has not been studied by ORI, and it remains unknown whether nuclear ORI indices add new biological information. Aim: We sought to compare the capacity of whole-cell and subcellular ORI indices and N:C ratio to differentiate between breast cancer subtypes with varying aggressiveness and between mitotic and nonmitotic cells. Approach: ORI indices for whole cell, cytoplasm, and nucleus as well as the N:C area ratio were generated for two triple-negative (more aggressive) and two receptor-positive (less aggressive) breast cancer cell lines by fluorescence microscopy. Results: We found positive correlations between nuclear and cytoplasmic ORI indices within individual cells. On average, a nuclear redox status was found to be more oxidized than cytoplasm in triple-negative cells but not in receptor-positive cells. Whole-cell and subcellular ORI indices distinguished between the receptor statuses better than the N:C ratio. However, N:C ratio was a better differentiator between nonmitotic and mitotic triple-negative cells. Conclusions: Subcellular ORI analysis differentiates breast cancer subtypes with varying aggressiveness better than N:C area ratio. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Automated summary

This study compared the ability of whole-cell and subcellular ORI indices and N:C ratio to differentiate between breast cancer subtypes and between mitotic and nonmitotic cells. The results showed that subcellular ORI analysis better distinguishes breast cancer subtypes with varying aggressiveness than N:C area ratio.