Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE
Volume 17, Issue -, Pages 3405-3419Publisher
DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S372582
Keywords
nanoscale dimple; aerodynamic performance; particle image velocimetry; computational fluid dynamics
Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea by Korean government [NRF-2018R1A1A1A05023012, NRF-2018R1D1A1B07050538, 2017R1A5A2015541]
- Regional Innovation Strategy (RIS)through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education (MOE)
- Chungbuk National University
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Dry powder inhalations are a promising pharmaceutical dosage form due to their environmental friendliness, portability, and physicochemical stability. This study demonstrates that microspheres with nanoscale dimples can improve aerosolization and lung deposition, thereby enhancing the therapeutic activity of inhaled drugs.
Introduction: Dry powder inhalations are an attractive pharmaceutical dosage form. They are environmentally friendly, portable, and physicochemical stable compared to other inhalation forms like pressurized metered-dose inhalers and nebulizers. Sufficient drug deposition of DPIs into the deep lung is required to enhance the therapeutic activity. Nanoscale surface roughness in microparticles could improve aerosolization and aerodynamic performance. This study aimed to prepare microspheres with nanoscale dimples and confirm the effect of roughness on inhalation efficiency.Methods: The dimpled-surface on microspheres (MSs) was achieved by oil in water (O/W) emulsion-solvent evaporation by controlling the stirring rate. The physicochemical properties of MSs were characterized. Also, in vitro aerodynamic performance of MSs was evaluated by particle image velocimetry and computational fluid dynamics.Results: The particle image velocimetry results showed that dimpled-surface MSs had better aerosolization, about 20% decreased X-axial velocity, and a variable angle, which could improve the aerodynamic performance. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the dimpled surface of MSs could cause movement away from the bronchial surface, which helps the MSs travel into the deep lung using computational fluid dynamics.Conclusion: The dimpled-surface MSs showed a higher fine particle fraction value compared to smooth-surface MSs in the Andersen Cascade Impactor, and surface roughness like dimples on microspheres could improve aerosolization and lung deposition.
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