Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 23, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126602
Keywords
modafinil; ADHD; NSA; nucleus accumbens; glutamate; GABA; psychostimulants; ventral tegmental area; prefrontal cortex
Funding
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile [POSTDOC_DICYT 022101R]
- Direccion de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, DICYT [022101RSSA]
- National Agency for Research and Development (ANID)-Chile through Scholarship Program-DOCTORADO BECAS CHILE/2017 [21171017]
- National Agency for Research and Development (ANID)-Chile through FONDECYT [120-1816]
- DIUV-CI [1/2006]
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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic MOD treatment on neurochemicals, dopamine receptor 2 expression, and behavior in the mesocorticolimbic system of young healthy rats. The results showed that chronic use of MOD during adolescence induces behavioral and neurochemical changes associated with the mesocorticolimbic system.
The misuse of psychostimulants is an increasing behavior among young people, highlighting in some countries the abuse of modafinil (MOD) as a neuropotentiator. However, several clinical trials are investigating MOD as an alternative pharmacological treatment for attentional deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. On the other hand, the early use of psychostimulants and the misdiagnosis rates in ADHD make it crucial to investigate the brain effects of this type of drug in young healthy individuals. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of chronic MOD treatment on neurochemicals (gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate), dopamine receptor 2 (D-2) expression and behavior (non-selective attention NSA) in the mesocorticolimbic system of young healthy Sprague-Dawley rats. Preadolescent male rats were injected with MOD (75 mg/kg, i.p.) or a vehicle for 14 days (from postnatal day 22 to 35). At postnatal day 36, we measured the GLU and GABA contents and their extracellular levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). In addition, the GLU and GABA contents were measured in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and D-2 protein levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Chronic use of MOD during adolescence induces behavioral and neurochemical changes associated with the mesocorticolimbic system, such as a reduction in PFC D-2 expression, VTA GABA levels and NSA. These results contribute to the understanding of the neurological effects of chronic MOD use on a young healthy brain.
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