Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 23, Issue 14, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147550
Keywords
zebrafish; mouse; autism spectrum disorders; attention-deficit; hyperactivity disorder; neurodevelopmental disorders
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This article summarizes the etiology, characteristics, and treatments of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and compares the use of mice and zebrafish as animal models in neuroscience. By examining the similarities, advantages, and limitations of these two animal models, this review contributes to a better understanding of the neurological pathways underlying ASD and ADHD.
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two debilitating neurodevelopmental disorders. The former is associated with social impairments whereas the latter is associated with inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. There is recent evidence that both disorders are somehow related and that genes may play a large role in these disorders. Despite mounting human and animal research, the neurological pathways underlying ASD and ADHD are still not well understood. Scientists investigate neurodevelopmental disorders by using animal models that have high similarities in genetics and behaviours with humans. Mice have been utilized in neuroscience research as an excellent animal model for a long time; however, the zebrafish has attracted much attention recently, with an increasingly large number of studies using this model. In this review, we first discuss ASD and ADHD aetiology from a general point of view to their characteristics and treatments. We also compare mice and zebrafish for their similarities and discuss their advantages and limitations in neuroscience. Finally, we summarize the most recent and existing research on zebrafish and mouse models of ASD and ADHD. We believe that this review will serve as a unique document providing interesting information to date about these models, thus facilitating research on ASD and ADHD.
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