Pharmacological Effects of Polyphenol Phytochemicals on the Intestinal Inflammation via Targeting TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway

TLR4/NF-kappa B is a key inflammatory signaling transduction pathway, closely involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and pro-inflammatory response. Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), the first mammalian TLR to be characterized, is the innate immune receptor that plays a key role in inflammatory signal transductions. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), the TLR4 downstream, is the key to accounting for the expression of multiple genes involved in inflammatory responses, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans is a chronic inflammatory disease with high incidence and prevalence worldwide. Targeting the TLR4/NF-kappa B signaling pathway might be an effective strategy to alleviate intestinal inflammation. Polyphenol phytochemicals have shown noticeable alleviative effects by acting on the TLR4/NF-kappa B signaling pathway in intestinal inflammation. This review summarizes the pharmacological effects of more than 20 kinds of polyphenols on intestinal inflammation via targeting the TLR4/NF-kappa B signaling pathway. We expected that polyphenol phytochemicals targeting the TLR4/NF-kappa B signaling pathway might be an effective approach to treat IBD in future clinical research applications.

Automated summary

TLR4/NF-kappa B is a key inflammatory signaling pathway involved in intestinal inflammation. Polyphenol phytochemicals exert pharmacological effects by targeting the TLR4/NF-kappa B signaling pathway, showing alleviative effects on intestinal inflammation.