Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 23, Issue 16, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168836
Keywords
kiwifruit; galactinol synthase; raffinose synthetase; gene family; abiotic and biotic stresses
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31972474, 90717110]
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The study comprehensively analyzed the RFS and GolS gene families in kiwifruit and revealed their roles in abiotic and biotic stress responses. Transcriptomic analysis and functional experiments confirmed the importance of some crucial genes, and identified one key gene (AcRFS4) that showed significantly increased transcription levels under salt stress and enhanced salt tolerance in kiwifruit.
The raffinose synthetase (RFS) and galactinol synthase (GolS) are two critical enzymes for raffinose biosynthesis, which play an important role in modulating plant growth and in response to a variety of biotic or abiotic stresses. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the RFS and GolS gene families and their involvement in abiotic and biotic stresses responses at the genome-wide scale in kiwifruit. A total of 22 GolS and 24 RFS genes were identified in Actinidia chinensis and Actinidia eriantha genomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the GolS and RFS genes were clustered into four and six groups, respectively. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that abiotic stresses strongly induced some crucial genes members including AcGolS1/2/4/8 and AcRFS2/4/8/11 and their expression levels were further confirmed by qRT-PCR. The GUS staining of AcRFS4Pro::GUS transgenic plants revealed that the transcriptionlevel of AcRFS4 was significantly increased by salt stress. Overexpression of AcRFS4 in Arabidopsis demonstrated that this gene enhanced the raffinose accumulation and the tolerance to salt stress. The co-expression networks analysis of hub transcription factors targeting key AcRFS4 genes indicated that there was a strong correlation between AcNAC30 and AcRFS4 expression under salt stress. Furthermore, the yeast one-hybrid assays showed that AcNAC30 could bind the AcRFS4 promoter directly. These results may provide insights into the evolutionary and functional mechanisms of GolS and RFS genes in kiwifruit.
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