Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 23, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126564
Keywords
3D bioprinting; bioinks; cell-laden constructs; hydrogels; polysaccharides
Funding
- FCT/MEC (PIDDAC) [UIDB/50011/2020, UIDP/50011/2020, LA/P/0006/2020]
- Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)/MCTES [CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-031289]
- FCT [2020.09018.BD, SFRH/BD/140229/2018, CEECIND/00464/2017, CEECIND/00263/2018, 2021.01571.CEECIND]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [SFRH/BD/140229/2018, 2020.09018.BD] Funding Source: FCT
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Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an innovative technology that allows the fabrication of living constructs using cell-laden inks. Among the various types of bioinks, hydrogels derived from polysaccharides have gained significant attention due to their similarities with the extracellular matrix and tunable properties. This review focuses on the recent advances in polysaccharide-based hydrogel bioinks for 3D bioprinting, highlighting their properties, advantages, and limitations, with a classification based on their sources.
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an innovative technology in the biomedical field, allowing the fabrication of living constructs through an approach of layer-by-layer deposition of cell-laden inks, the so-called bioinks. An ideal bioink should possess proper mechanical, rheological, chemical, and biological characteristics to ensure high cell viability and the production of tissue constructs with dimensional stability and shape fidelity. Among the several types of bioinks, hydrogels are extremely appealing as they have many similarities with the extracellular matrix, providing a highly hydrated environment for cell proliferation and tunability in terms of mechanical and rheological properties. Hydrogels derived from natural polymers, and polysaccharides, in particular, are an excellent platform to mimic the extracellular matrix, given their low cytotoxicity, high hydrophilicity, and diversity of structures. In fact, polysaccharide-based hydrogels are trendy materials for 3D bioprinting since they are abundant and combine adequate physicochemical and biomimetic features for the development of novel bioinks. Thus, this review portrays the most relevant advances in polysaccharide-based hydrogel bioinks for 3D bioprinting, focusing on the last five years, with emphasis on their properties, advantages, and limitations, considering polysaccharide families classified according to their source, namely from seaweed, higher plants, microbial, and animal (particularly crustaceans) origin.
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