Skin bacterial richness and diversity in intensive care unit patients with severe pneumonia

Objectives: Patients with severe pneumonia admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) have a high risk of mortality, and the microbiome is likely to affect the outcome of such patients. However, the composition of the skin microbiota of ICU patients with severe pneumonia remains unclear. In this study, on the basis of 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing, we explored the difference in skin bacterial richness and diversity between the ICU patient group (PG) with severe pneumonia and the healthy control group (CG). Methods: The diversity index and taxonomic distribution of skin bacteria were analyzed using the Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) bioinformatics pipeline. Blood, endotracheal aspirate, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were collected from the same PG subjects for culture. Results: Compared with the CG, the diversity of skin bacteria in the PG decreased significantly. Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, Enterococcus, Halomonas, and Brevibacillus were differentially abundant in the PG, and most of these bacteria were also identified in the cultures of upper respiratory tract samples of the same PG. Conclusion: We provide evidence that healthcare-associated infection in ICU patients with severe pneumonia is strongly associated with skin microbiota, which necessitates the prevention and control of skin bacterial pathogens for these patients. (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.

Automated summary

In this study, the skin microbiota of ICU patients with severe pneumonia was analyzed using 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing. The results showed a significant decrease in the diversity of skin bacteria in the ICU patient group compared to the healthy control group, and differential abundance of certain bacterial species. These findings suggest a strong association between the skin microbiota and healthcare-associated infections in ICU patients with severe pneumonia, highlighting the importance of prevention and control of skin bacterial pathogens.