Recent advances in lignosulfonate filled hydrogel for flexible wearable electronics: A mini review

With the rapid development of flexible wearable devices, various polymer hydrogels have gained immense progress due to their adjustable mechanical properties, high conductivity, super sensitivity, good biocompatibility and adaptable wearability. Lignosulfonate (LS), generating from the sulfite pulping industry, was emerged as a promising filler in polymer hydrogels with great potential for multifunctional wearable electronics. Herein, we comprehensively review the latest research progress associated with LS-based hydrogels. Firstly, the function mechanism of lignosulfonate in diverse polymer hydrogels was introduced in detail. Then, the rational design strategies of LS filled multifunctional hydrogels was summarized as toughening filler, adhesive agent, conductive filler dispersant, UV protectant and catalysts. Finally, the future development of LS filled hydrogel for flexible wearable electronics was proposed.

Automated summary

In this study, the latest research progress on lignosulfonate (LS)-based hydrogels is comprehensively reviewed. The function mechanism of LS in different polymer hydrogels is introduced in detail, and the rational design strategies of LS-filled hydrogels are summarized. The future development of LS-filled hydrogels for flexible wearable electronics is also proposed.