Role of the Trifluoropropynyl Ligand in Blue-Shifting Charge-Transfer States in Emissive Pt Diimine Complexes and an Investigation into the PMMA-Imposed Rigidoluminescence and Rigidochromism

Square-planar Pt-II complexes are of interest as dopants for the emissive layer of organic light-emitting diodes. Herein, the photophysics of three Pt bipyridyl complexes with the strongly e(-) withdrawing, high-field, 3,3,3-trifluoropropynyl ligand has been investigated. One complex, (phbpy)PtC2CF3 (phbpy = 6-phenyl-2,2 '-dipyridyl), has also been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All complexes reported are emissive in both RT CH2Cl2 solution (Phi(PL) = 0.007 to 0.027) and PMMA film (Phi(PL) = 0.25 to 0.42). The trifluoropropynyl ligand elevates the energy of the MLCT and LL'CT states above that of the IL pi-pi* state, resulting in IL emission in all cases. The emission energies of the trifluoropropynyl compounds are also blue-shifted relative to the analogous pentafluorophenylethynyl compounds, suggesting that the trifluoropropynyl ligand is one of the most electron-withdrawing alkynyl ligands. Rate constants for radiative and nonradiative deactivation were determined from experimentally determined values of Phi(PL) and excited-state lifetimes in both solution and PMMA films. The increase in Phi(PL) upon incorporation into PMMA film (rigidoluminescence) results from a decrease in the rate constant for non-radiative relaxation. Experimental activation energies for excited-state decay in combination with TDDFT are consistent with the rigidoluminescence resulting from an increase in the energy of the non-emissive triplet metal-centered state. Two of the complexes investigated, ((Ph2)bpy)Pt(C2CF3)(2) and ((t-Bu2)bpy)Pt(C2CF3)(2), where (t-Bu2)bpy = 4,4 '-di-tert-butyl-2,2 '-dipyridyl and (Ph2)bpy = 4,4 '-diphenyl-2,2 '-dipyridyl, exhibit concentration-dependent excimer emission (orange) along with monomer emission (blue), enabling fine-tuning of the emission color. However, excimer emission was absent in cured PMMA films up to the solubility limit for solution processing of ((Ph2)bpy)Pt(C2CF3)(2) in CH2Cl2, demonstrating the diffusional nature of excimer formation.

Automated summary

This study investigates the photophysics of square-planar Pt-II complexes with strongly electron-withdrawing ligands. The results show that these complexes exhibit emission in both solution and films, with the emission being attributed to the intraligand charge transfer. The study also reveals that the emission from films is enhanced due to a decrease in nonradiative relaxation. Additionally, concentration-dependent excimer emission is observed in some complexes, providing a means for tuning the emission color. However, excimer emission is not observed in cured films, indicating a diffusional nature of excimer formation.