Journal
FUEL
Volume 321, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124038
Keywords
Tannin; Algae; Magnetic harvesting; DLVO; Fe3O4
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51672028]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2015ZCQ-HJ-02, 2015PY-08]
- China Scholarship Council [201906510034]
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By using natural polymeric tannin as the shaping ligand, the self-assembly of tannin-coated Fe3O4 was controlled for microalgal magnetic harvesting. The tannin-coated Fe3O4 showed smaller size, higher magnetic saturation, and higher uptake capacity compared to bare Fe3O4. It also exhibited good recycling potential and the magnetic force played a critical role in the overall interaction energies.
Anisotropic structures and size control are attracting extensive attention owing to the effect on magnetic behavior and microalgal harvesting performance. Herein, a natural polymeric tannin was chosen as the shaping ligand to control the self-assembly of tannin-coated Fe3O4 (Fe3O4@tannin) for microalgal magnetic harvesting. Compared to naked Fe3O4, the Fe3O4@tannin presented a smaller hydrodynamic diameter of 287 nm, a larger magnetic saturation of 45.16 emu g(-1), and a higher uptake capacity of 589.99 mg biomass per g of Fe3O4@-tannin. Kinetic experimental data revealed that the magnetic harvesting followed a pseudo-second-order isotherm and the adsorption isotherm fitted the non-linear Freundlich model. The Fe3O4@tannin showed a good recycling potential with only a 7% decrease in harvesting efficiency after 5 cycles. The modified Deryaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) interaction energies among the particles were used to evaluate the algal aggregation mechanism. Furthermore, the results indicated that the magnetic force contributed to the total interaction energies across a wide range of interaction distances. In situ microscopic observation also confirmed the formation of Fe3O4@tannin-to-algae aggregates, which further combined to form chain clusters and collided with free algal cells in the magnetophoretic process.
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