Journal
FUEL
Volume 321, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124040
Keywords
Lignin-based Jet Fuel (LJF); Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF); Two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC); NMR; Properties
Categories
Funding
- Joint Center for Aerospace Technology Innovation, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE) Awards [DE-EE0009257, DE-EE0008250, DE-EE0007104]
- Bioproducts, Science & Engineering Laboratory at Washington State University
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering at Washington State University
- Co-Optimization of Fuels & Engines (Co-Optima) - DOE EERE
- Bioenergy Technologies Office
- Vehicle Technologies Office
- U.S. Federal Aviation Administration Office of Environment and Energy through ASCENT
- FAA Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels and the Environment
- Project 34 through FAA Award [13-C-AJFE-UD-18]
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)-Washington State University (WSU) Distinguished Graduate Research Program (DGRP) Fellowship
- Government of 'Canada's Office of Energy Research and Development (OERD)
- Forest Innovation Program (FIP) under Canadian Forest Service (CFS)
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This study reports the development of a jet fuel blend component using a specific feedstock and chemical process. The blended fuel showed similar operability properties to conventional jet fuel, indicating its potential use as a sustainable aviation fuel.
Sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) must demonstrate specific physical and chemical properties as well as material compatibility (i.e., seal swell) to be used as aviation turbine fuels. Several alternative jet fuels incorporated in ASTM D7566 are comprised mainly of n/iso-alkanes and can only be blended up to 50 vol% due to material compatibility and density issues. Prior work illustrated the ability of cycloalkanes to replace the swelling potential of aromatics required for material compatibility. Here, we report the first archival documentation of a feedstock and chemical process to yield a product composition that could complement 5 existing SAF ASTM D7566 annexes. A lignin-based jet fuel (LJF) blend component is generated and composed of mostly C6-C18 mono, di, and tri-cycloalkanes. The neat LJF was blended with conventional jet fuel at 10 vol% (LJF blend) to simulate a potential qualification goal. Fuel properties critical to engine operability (ATSM D4054 Tier 3 & 4) were either predicted or experimentally tested based on the volume availability. All LJF-blended operability properties fall within the experience range of conventional jet fuel, with neat o-ring swelling exceeding the typical range of conventional fuels. These results support the potential use of this LJF pathway to complement other SAF pathways and achieve 100% drop-in SAF.
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