4.5 Review

A Short History of Fusible Metals and Alloys - Towards Room Temperature Liquid Metals

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Liquid-Metal-Enabled Mechanical-Energy-Induced CO2 Conversion

Junma Tang et al.

Summary: This green carbon capture and conversion technology uses liquid gallium to reduce CO2 into solid products and O-2 at near room temperature, driven by mechanical energy. With a gallium/silver fluoride mix at 7:1 mass ratio, it achieves 92% efficiency in capturing and converting a tonne of CO2 at a remarkably low input energy of 230 kWh. Overall, this technology offers an economical solution for reducing CO2 emissions.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2022)

Editorial Material Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Methylmercury as a molecular imposter

Amina T. Schartup

Summary: This article describes the changes in our understanding of methylmercury over the past 170 years since its discovery, as well as some disasters that have occurred along the way.

NATURE CHEMISTRY (2022)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Flow and Heat Transfer Performances of Liquid Metal Based Microchannel Heat Sinks under High Temperature Conditions

Tao Wu et al.

Summary: Liquid metal-based microchannel heat sinks are proposed to address high-density heat dissipation challenges. Among different working fluid types and microchannel cross-section shapes, lithium and circle were found to be the most appropriate choices. Inlet velocity significantly influences flow and heat transfer performances, with pressure drop increasing by up to 65 times and heat transfer coefficient enhanced by about 74.35% from 1 m/s to 9 m/s.

MICROMACHINES (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Gallium Nanodroplets are Anti-Inflammatory without Interfering with Iron Homeostasis

Chengchen Zhang et al.

Summary: This study reveals the mechanisms of gallium as an anti-inflammatory by delivering gallium nanodroplets into macrophages. The gallium nanodroplets selectively inhibit nitric oxide production without affecting the accumulation of pro-inflammatory mediators. This study provides new insights for the use of gallium in anti-inflammatory and future biomedical applications.

ACS NANO (2022)

Review Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

Recent advances and challenges in the MOCVD growth of indium gallium nitride: A brief review

A. K. Tan et al.

Summary: This article discusses the key challenges and recent breakthroughs in achieving high-quality indium-rich indium gallium nitride epilayers and InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells using the MOCVD technique. The difficulties in growing high-quality indium-rich and p-type InGaN are identified. The issues related to lattice mismatch-induced compressive strain and piezoelectric polarization between GaN and InGaN, as well as the degradation of InGaN QW quality due to indium-rich clusters, are also reviewed.

MATERIALS SCIENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING (2022)

Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Environmental degradation of structural materials in liquid lead-and lead-bismuth eutectic-cooled reactors

Xing Gong et al.

Summary: This article presents a comprehensive review of the environmental degradation of materials in contact with liquid lead and lead-bismuth eutectic, focusing on the mechanisms and factors affecting liquid metal corrosion and liquid metal embrittlement. It also addresses the most promising approaches to mitigate these effects and provides an outlook for future work in this field.

PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE (2022)

Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Fall of amalgam restoration: a 10-year analysis of an Australian university dental clinic

V Reher et al.

Summary: By analyzing clinic records from 2010 to 2019, it was found that the use of dental amalgam in posterior teeth significantly decreased while the use of composite material increased. This trend was observed not only among students but also among dental professionals.

AUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL (2021)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Unique surface patterns emerging during solidification of liquid metal alloys

Jianbo Tang et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates the emergence of highly ordered nanopatterns on the alloy surfaces during solidification in the Bi-Ga alloy system. The pattern-formation mechanisms involving surface-catalyzed heterogeneous nucleation were elucidated through a combination of experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. The dynamic nature and robustness of the phenomenon under different solidification conditions and for various alloy systems were further demonstrated, showing promising potential for surface- and nanoscale-based applications.

NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article

Leitfähig und verformbar – Flüssigmetalle

Stephan Wang et al.

NACHRICHTEN AUS DER CHEMIE (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Permeable superelastic liquid-metal fibre mat enables biocompatible and monolithic stretchable electronics

Zhijun Ma et al.

Summary: A new type of stretchable conductor, liquid-metal fiber mat, has been developed with high permeability, stretchability, conductivity, and electrical stability, as well as good biocompatibility and adaptiveness to omnidirectional stretching. The liquid metal self-organizes into mesh-like and buckled structures on an electrospun elastomeric fiber mat, allowing for the realization of highly permeable and multifunctional monolithic stretchable electronics.

NATURE MATERIALS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Thermal, Viscoelastic and Surface Properties of Oxidized Field's Metal for Additive Microfabrication

Rosendo Zamora et al.

Summary: Field's metal, a low-melting-point eutectic alloy, is used as a liquid metal coolant in advanced nuclear reactors and for forming droplets and structures in microfabrication. It has rheological and wetting properties suitable for these applications.

MATERIALS (2021)

Editorial Material Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Liquid Metal Superelastic Fiber Mat Enabling Highly Permeable Wearable Electronics Toward Comfortable e-Skins

Stephan Handschuh-Wang et al.

Summary: Researchers developed a stretchable conductor based on an elastomeric fiber mat coated by liquid metal, which exhibited excellent permeability, good stretchability, exceptional electrical stability, and good biocompatibility. The material was used in a multi-functional wearable device for detecting heartbeat and sweat while serving as a heating device.

CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN CHINESE UNIVERSITIES (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A Liquid Metal Artificial Muscle

Jian Shu et al.

Summary: Liquid metal artificial muscles based on electrochemically tunable interfacial tension can work in various solutions, generate high actuation strains, and require very low driving voltage. They offer simplicity, versatility, and efficiency, expanding the performance space of soft actuators for a wide range of applications.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Evaluation of Shear Properties of Indium Solder Alloys for Cryogenic Applications

Madhuri Deshpande et al.

Summary: Different indium solder alloys were developed and characterized for their shear properties, with the Cu/In-3Ag/Cu joint showing the highest shear strength under cryogenic temperature conditions.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Liquid metals: Thermophysical properties of alloys from the Ga-Sn-Zn system

Alexandra Dobosz et al.

Summary: Liquid metals have become increasingly important as functional materials in recent years. This work investigated the thermophysical properties of liquid Ga-Sn-Zn alloys with different compositions, showing discrepancies between experimental data and model predictions. Various models were used to analyze viscosity, density, and surface tension of the alloys.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS (2021)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Critical Review on the Physical Properties of Gallium-Based Liquid Metals and Selected Pathways for Their Alteration

Stephan Handschuh-Wang et al.

Summary: Gallium-based liquid metals have unique properties such as high surface tension, density anomaly, high electrical and thermal conductivity. Despite numerous reports on the physical properties of gallium-based liquid metals, there is significant scatter and inconsistency among the findings. It is necessary to compile literature data, identify general relationships, and address inconsistencies to provide science-based values for researchers.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Are Contact Angle Measurements Useful for Oxide-Coated Liquid Metals?

Ishan D. Joshipura et al.

Summary: This study shows that static contact angles for gallium-based liquid metals are not practical due to the formation of a surface oxide skin that affects the measurements. The contact angles exhibit hysteresis and are sensitive to the substrate surface chemistry, with the ability to be mechanically manipulated.

LANGMUIR (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Surface Tension of the Oxide Skin of Gallium-Based Liquid Metals

Stephan Handschuh-Wang et al.

Summary: This article explores the surface tension of gallium-based alloys, determining it to be independent of substrate surface or liquid metal used. By using gradually attenuated vibrations and the puddle height method, the researchers were able to analyze equilibrium shapes and attribute the similarity of surface tension among different alloys to the composition of the oxide skin. The findings suggest potential application of this method to other liquid metal alloys and systems for modeling, simulation, and optimization processes.

LANGMUIR (2021)

Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Recent advances in liquid-metal-based wearable electronics and materials

Phillip Won et al.

Summary: Researchers have made rapid advancements in soft wearable electronics through exploration of new materials, fabrication approaches, and design concepts, with a resurgence of interest in liquid metals for sensing and wiring functional properties bringing great progress. Various forms of liquid metals enable the fabrication of flexible and stretchable sensors, circuits, and functional wearables with desirable properties, indicating a bright future for wearable LM electronics.

ISCIENCE (2021)

Review Automation & Control Systems

Interfacial Tension Modulation of Liquid Metal via Electrochemical Oxidation

Minyung Song et al.

Summary: Recent studies have shown that electrochemical oxidation can significantly decrease the interfacial tension of liquid metals, from approximately 500 mN m(-1) at 0 V to approximately 0 mN m(-1) at less than 1 V. This reversible and controllable change in tension surpasses what is achievable through conventional electrocapillarity or surfactants. The report aims to introduce beginners to this field, clarify misconceptions, and discuss applications and future challenges related to modulating the interfacial tension of liquid metals.

ADVANCED INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS (2021)

Article Nuclear Science & Technology

LIQUID METAL RESEARCH (HISTORY AND KNOWLEDGE TO BE PRESERVED)

P. L. Kirillov et al.

Summary: Liquid metals are attractive coolants for nuclear power due to their small neutron absorption cross section and high thermal conductivity. Measurements of temperature fields in liquid metal flows are essential for obtaining reliable calculated dependences on heat transfer intensity, highlighting the importance of preserving this data.

ATOMIC ENERGY (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Liquid metal batteries for future energy storage

Shilin Zhang et al.

Summary: The search for alternatives to traditional Li-ion batteries has led to the development of rechargeable liquid metal batteries, which operate at room or intermediate temperatures to address challenges related to high temperature operation, corrosive reactions, and hermetic sealing. These new paradigms aim to overcome drawbacks of conventional liquid metal batteries and enable both conventional and new functionalities by applying alternative electrodes, manipulating electrolyte design concepts, and engineering electrode-electrolyte interfaces.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Recyclable, weldable, mechanically durable, and programmable liquid metal-elastomer composites

Guokang Chen et al.

Summary: The study introduces a novel approach to fabricate durable and recyclable multifunctional LM elastomer composites with excellent mechanical and electrical properties, which can be tuned in electrical performance through a mechano-training process, and possess self-healing properties and transience.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2021)

Article Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

Viscosity of the InBi-Pb Melts

V. V. Filippov et al.

Summary: In this study, the temperature dependence of dynamic viscosity in InBi-Pb melts was investigated, showing small negative deviations from ideal mixture viscosity at constant temperature. The activation energy for viscous flow also exhibited negative deviations from additive values, with a minimum near 20% Pb. The concentration dependence of viscosity in the melts was calculated and compared with experimental data.

RUSSIAN METALLURGY (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Synthesis and application of core-shell liquid metal particles: a perspective of surface engineering

Yong Liu et al.

Summary: Liquid metal micro/nano particles (LMPs) from gallium and its alloys have attracted attention due to their unique metallic and fluidic properties, but achieving highly controllable fabrication and functionalization remains a challenge. This review explores solutions for on-demand design and manipulation of LMPs through physicochemical engineering of their surface microenvironment, showcasing improved performances of core-shell liquid metal composites in various scenarios.

MATERIALS HORIZONS (2021)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Mechanisms behind the spontaneous growth of Tin whiskers on the Ti2SnC ceramics

Yushuang Liu et al.

ACTA MATERIALIA (2020)

Article Materials Science, Characterization & Testing

Microstructure and thermal properties of Bi-Sn eutectic alloy

Ivana Manasijevic et al.

MATERIALS TESTING (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Nanofabrication for all-soft and high-density electronic devices based on liquid metal

Min-gu Kim et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Corrosion-Resistant Functional Diamond Coatings for Reliable Interfacing of Liquid Metals with Solid Metals

Stephan Handschuh-Wang et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Next-Generation Liquid Metal Batteries Based on the Chemistry of Fusible Alloys

Yu Ding et al.

ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE (2020)

Review Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

Recent advances in method of suppressing dendrite formation of tin-based solder alloys

Bokai Liao et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS (2020)

Article Materials Science, Ceramics

To understanding of slow and non-monotonic relaxation in Al-Y eutectic melts

M. G. Vasin et al.

JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Temperature and Time Dependences of the Viscosity of InBi-Pb Melts

V. V. Filippov et al.

DOKLADY PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY (2020)

Article Economics

Volatility drivers on the metal market and exposure of producing countries

Sven Renner et al.

MINERAL ECONOMICS (2020)

Article History & Philosophy Of Science

Mendeleev's predictions: success and failure

Philip J. Stewart

FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMISTRY (2019)

Article Astronomy & Astrophysics

The DRESDYN project: liquid metal experiments on dynamo action and magnetorotational instability

F. Stefani et al.

GEOPHYSICAL AND ASTROPHYSICAL FLUID DYNAMICS (2019)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Temperature and oxygen adsorption coupling effects upon the surface tension of liquid metals

Aimen E. Gheribi et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2019)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Viscosity of Ga-rich alloys in the Ga-In-Sn system

V. V. Filippov et al.

JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS (2019)

Article Polymer Science

Liquid Metal-Mediated Mechanochemical Polymerization

Tiansheng Gan et al.

MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS (2019)

Review Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

Recent progress on the development of Sn-Bi based low-temperature Pb-free solders

Fengjiang Wang et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS (2019)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Electric Actuation of Liquid Metal Droplets in Acidified Aqueous Electrolyte

Stephan Handschuh-Wang et al.

LANGMUIR (2019)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Liquid Metal-Based Transient Circuits for Flexible and Recyclable Electronics

Long Teng et al.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2019)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Anisotropic liquid metal-elastomer composites

Lifei Zhu et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C (2019)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Robust, multiscale liquid-metal patterning enabled by a sacrificial sealing layer for flexible and wearable wireless powering

Long Teng et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C (2019)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Advances in liquid metals for biomedical applications

Junjie Yan et al.

CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2018)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

The Mercury Problem in Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining

Louisa J. Esdaile et al.

CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL (2018)

Article Thermodynamics

Thermophysical properties of the liquid Ga-Sn-Zn eutectic alloy

A. Dobosz et al.

FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA (2018)

Article Thermodynamics

Natural circulation characteristics under various conditions on heavy liquid metal test loop

Kyung Ha Ryu et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES (2018)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Reference Data for the Density, Viscosity, and Surface Tension of Liquid Al-Zn, Ag-Sn, Bi-Sn, Cu-Sn, and Sn-Zn Eutectic Alloys

Alexandra Dobosz et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA (2018)

Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Thermal conductivity of polymers and polymer nanocomposites

Congliang Huang et al.

MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING R-REPORTS (2018)

Article Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

Risk of tin whiskers in the nuclear industry

Chien-Ming Huang et al.

MICROELECTRONICS RELIABILITY (2018)

Article Physics, Multidisciplinary

Discovery of a Voltage-Stimulated Heartbeat Effect in Droplets of Liquid Gallium

Zhenwei Yu et al.

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS (2018)

Article Engineering, Mechanical

Novel casting processes for single-crystal turbine blades of superalloys

Dexin Ma

FRONTIERS OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (2018)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Galvanic Replacement of the Liquid Metal Galinstan

Faegheh Hoshyargar et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2017)

Editorial Material Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A portrait of cadmium

Nadezda V. Tarakina et al.

NATURE CHEMISTRY (2017)

Article Thermodynamics

Enhanced heat transfer using metal foam liquid supply layers for micro heat spreaders

Seunggeol Ryu et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER (2017)

Article Nuclear Science & Technology

First Studies for the Development of Computational Tools for the Design of Liquid Metal Electromagnetic Pumps

Carlos O. Maidana et al.

NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (2017)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Liquid metal sponges for mechanically durable, all-soft, electrical conductors

Suqing Liang et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C (2017)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Roman sophisticated surface modification methods to manufacture silver counterfeited coins

G. M. Ingo et al.

APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE (2017)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Stretchable and Soft Electronics using Liquid Metals

Michael D. Dickey

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2017)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Liquid K-Na Alloy Anode Enables Dendrite-Free Potassium Batteries

Leigang Xue et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2016)

Article Engineering, Multidisciplinary

Alternating electric field actuated oscillating behavior of liquid metal and its application

Yang XiaoHu et al.

SCIENCE CHINA-TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2016)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Mechanical Fracturing of Core-Shell Undercooled Metal Particles for Heat-Free Soldering

Simge Cinar et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2016)

Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Spontaneous Growth of Metal Whiskers on Surfaces of Solids: A Review

Peigen Zhang et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2015)

Review Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Small and Medium sized Reactors (SMR): A review of technology

Marcin Karol Rowinski et al.

RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS (2015)

Article Thermodynamics

Thermophysical Properties of the Liquid Ga-In-Sn Eutectic Alloy

Yuriy Plevachuk et al.

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA (2014)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Lead in ancient Rome's city waters

Hugo Delile et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2014)

Article Thermodynamics

Physicochemical Properties of Sb, Sn, Zn, and Sb-Sn System

Tomasz Gancarz et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS (2013)

Editorial Material Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Lead between the lines

Somobrata Acharya

NATURE CHEMISTRY (2013)

Editorial Material Pediatrics

Global Justice and the Proposed Ban on Thimerosal-Containing Vaccines

Katherine King et al.

PEDIATRICS (2013)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Turbulent convection in liquid metal with and without rotation

Eric M. King et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2013)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

The association between amalgam dental surfaces and urinary mercury levels in a sample of Albertans, a prevalence study

Daniel J. Dutton et al.

JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY (2013)

Article Anthropology

Tainted ores and the rise of tin bronzes in Eurasia, c. 6500 years ago

Miljana Radivojevic et al.

ANTIQUITY (2013)

Article Engineering, Mechanical

History of vacuum technology

Heinz Barfuss

VAKUUM IN FORSCHUNG UND PRAXIS (2013)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Correlation between diffraction and viscosity data for Bi-Ga molten alloys

S. Mudry et al.

BULLETIN OF MATERIALS SCIENCE (2012)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Beeswax as Dental Filling on a Neolithic Human Tooth

Federico Bernardini et al.

PLOS ONE (2012)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Liquid intrusion and alternative methods for the characterization of macroporous materials (IUPAC Technical Report)

Jean Rouquerol et al.

PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY (2012)

Letter Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

More on Onions' Alloy

Heinz J. Wagner

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION (2011)

Article Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

Dynamic Viscosities of Pure Tin and Sn-Ag, Sn-Cu, and Sn-Ag-Cu Eutectic Melts

E. V. Rozhitsina et al.

RUSSIAN METALLURGY (2011)

Article Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

Thermophysical properties of liquid tin-bismuth alloys

Yuriy Plevachuk et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH (2010)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

The Origin of the Name Onion's Fusible Alloy

William B. Jensen

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION (2010)

Review Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

A review on the interfacial intermetallic compounds between Sn-Ag-Cu based solders and substrates

Guang Zeng et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS (2010)

Article Nuclear Science & Technology

Some thermal hydraulic challenges in sodium cooled fast reactors

D. Tenchine

NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN (2010)

Article Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

Foldable and Stretchable Liquid Metal Planar Inverted Cone Antenna

Shi Cheng et al.

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (2009)

Article Thermodynamics

Thermophysical Properties of Liquid In-Sn Alloys

Z. Moser et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS (2009)

Article Materials Science, Ceramics

Hg/Sn amalgam degradation of ancient glass mirrors

L. K. Herrera et al.

JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS (2009)

Article Anthropology

Development of metallurgy in Eurasia

Benjamin W. Roberts et al.

ANTIQUITY (2009)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Characterisation of baroque tin amalgam mirrors of the historical Green Vault in Dresden

O. Zywitzki et al.

APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING (2008)

Article Economics

Generation-IV nuclear power: A review of the state of the science

Tim Abram et al.

ENERGY POLICY (2008)

Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Plating of archaeological metallic objects - studies by differential PIXE

Z. Smit et al.

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS (2008)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Surface tension of indium-tin-gallium melts

R. Kh. Dadashev et al.

RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A (2007)

Article Physics, Applied

Heat-driven liquid metal cooling device for the thermal management of a computer chip

Kun-Quan Ma et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS (2007)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Thermophysical properties of lead and lead-bismuth eutectic

V. Sobolev

JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS (2007)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Thermodynamic re-optimisation of the Bi-In-Sn system based on new experimental data

V. T. Witusiewicz et al.

JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS (2007)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Mercury porosimetry: A general (practical) overview

H Giesche

PARTICLE & PARTICLE SYSTEMS CHARACTERIZATION (2006)

Review Anthropology

Mobility, contact, and exchange in the Baltic Sea basin 6000-2000 BC

Marek Zvelebil

JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL ARCHAEOLOGY (2006)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Electronic properties and viscosity of liquid Pb-Sn alloys

Y Plevachuk et al.

JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS (2005)

Article Physics, Condensed Matter

Atomic structure and physical properties of liquid Pb-Bi alloys

I Kaban et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER (2004)

Article Physics, Applied

Cooling of high-power-density microdevices using liquid metal coolants

A Miner et al.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2004)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Tin whiskers studied by synchrotron radiation scanning X-ray micro-diffraction

WJ Choi et al.

ACTA MATERIALIA (2003)

Article Physics, Applied

The activity of the components of a Na-K-Cs system at high temperatures

EE Shpil'rain et al.

HIGH TEMPERATURE (2003)

Article Environmental Sciences

500 years of mercury production: global annual inventory by region until 2000 and associated emissions

LD Hylander et al.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2003)

Article Physics, Applied

Surface tension of pure aluminum melt

KK Kalazhokov et al.

TECHNICAL PHYSICS (2003)

Article Thermodynamics

Surface tension and density of oxygen-free liquid aluminum at high temperature

V Sarou-Kanian et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS (2003)

Article Thermodynamics

The NIST Chemistry WebBook: A chemical data resource on the internet

PJ Linstrom et al.

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA (2001)

Review Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

Zinc alkyls, Edward Frankland, and the beginnings of main-group organometallic chemistry

D Seyferth

ORGANOMETALLICS (2001)

Review Physics, Applied

Liquid gallium: Potential uses as a heat-transfer agent

VY Prokhorenko et al.

HIGH TEMPERATURE (2000)

Article Nuclear Science & Technology

Gallium-cooled liquid metallic-fueled fast reactor

T Sawada et al.

PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY (2000)