Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Volume 56, Issue 16, Pages 11449-11459Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07970
Keywords
PFAS; concentration changes; pregnancy; early postpartum; late postpartum; determinants; breastfeeding
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [R21-ES028131, R01-ES020392, R24-ES028533, P30-ES023513, UH3-OD023342]
- U.S. EPA STAR [R829388, R833292, RD835432]
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Exposure to PFAS during pregnancy and lactation is a growing public health concern. This study found that PFAS concentrations in mothers changed over time, with breastfeeding duration playing a significant role in postpartum PFAS concentrations.
Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) during pregnancy and lactation is of increasing public health concern, but little is known about longitudinal changes in maternal PFAS concentrations from pregnancy to a few years postpartum. We quantified 11 PFAS in 251 serum samples prospectively collected from 42 Northern California mothers during the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy and at 3, 6, and 24 months after delivery over 2009-2017. We fit separate linear mixed models during pregnancy, early postpartum, and late postpartum to estimate percent changes of PFAS for each subperiod. Among five PFAS detected in more than 99% of samples, linear and branched perfluorooctanesulfonate (n- and Sm-PFOS), linear perfluorooctanoate (n-PFOA), and perfluorononanoate (PFNA) concentrations changed -4% to -3% per month during pregnancy. During early postpartum, perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) and n-PFOA concentrations changed -6% and -5%, respectively, per month, and Sm-PFOS and PFNA concentrations changed -1% per month. During late postpartum, n-PFOS, Sm-PFOS, and PFNA concentrations changed -1% per month. Breastfeeding duration was the primary determinant of n-PFOA and PFNA concentrations during late postpartum, showing negative associations. Our findings might be useful for reconstructing reliable prenatal or early life PFAS exposures for offspring.
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