Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Volume 56, Issue 14, Pages 9924-9935Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01358
Keywords
ozone; secondary organic aerosol; atmospheric chemistry; Amazon region
Categories
Funding
- central office of the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA)
- National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA)
- Amazonas State University (UEA), Amazonas, Brazil
- Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES)
- graduate student program at the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
- CIRES [88882.444345/2018-01]
- NOAA ESRL [88881.190103/2018-01]
- CNPq
- IFUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- CAPES [169842/ 2017-7, 133393/2019-4]
- FAPESP
- NOAA Cooperative Agreement with CIRES [88887.368025/2019-00, 757/2017]
- Sao Paulo State Research Foundation [2017/17047-0]
- [NA17OAR4320101]
- [FAPESP 2013/05014-0]
- [FAPESP 2013/50510-5]
- [FAPESP 2013/10156-8]
- [FAPESP 2017/17047-0]
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In the Amazon rainforest, anthropogenic atmospheric emissions interact with biogenic emissions and result in high concentrations of ozone and secondary organic aerosols. These high concentrations affect a large primary forested area and atmospheric dynamics and photochemistry play a key role in their production.
The Amazon rainforest suffers increasing pressure from anthropogenic activities. A key aspect not fully understood is how anthropogenic atmospheric emissions within the basin interact with biogenic emissions and impact the forest's atmosphere and biosphere. We combine a high-resolution atmospheric chemical transport model with an improved emissions inventory and in-situ measurements to investigate a surprisingly high concentration of ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) 150-200 km downwind of Manaus city in an otherwise pristine forested region. We show that atmospheric dynamics and photochemistry determine a gross production of secondary pollutants seen in the simulation. After sunrise, the erosion of the nocturnal boundary layer mixes natural forest emissions, rich in biogenic volatile organic compounds, with a lofted pollution layer transported overnight, rich in nitrogen oxides and formaldehyde. As a result, O3 and SOA concentrations greater than similar to 47 ppbv and 1.8 mu g m-3, respectively, were found, with maximum concentrations occurring at 2 pm LT, 150-200 km downwind of Manaus city. These high concentrations affect a large primary forested area of about 11,250 km2. These oxidative areas are under a NOx-limited regime so that changes in NOx emissions from Manaus have a significant impact on O3 and SOA production.
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