Bisphenol-diglycidyl ethers in paired urine and serum samples from children and adolescents: Partitioning, clearance and exposure assessment

Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE), and their derivatives are frequently used in food packaging materials. Some toxicological studies have shown that the endocrine-disrupting activities of these compounds are similar to or higher than those of bisphenol A (BPA), which may also adversely affect the growth and development of children and adolescents. Here, we investigated nine bisphenol-diglycidyl ethers (BDGEs) in 181 paired urine and serum samples from children and adolescents from Beijing to determine their partitioning, clearance and exposure levels. The results showed that nine BDGEs were detected in 181 urine and serum samples from children and adolescents from Beijing. Bisphenol A bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether (BADGE.2H(2)O) was the primary pollutant. The daily intake of n-ary sumation BDGEs was 15.217 ng/kg bw/day among children and adolescents in Beijing. The ranking of BDGEs in terms of renal clearance rate (CLrenal) in this study population was BADGE > BADGE.2H(2)O > BFDGE > bisphenol F bis(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether (BFDGE2HCl) > bisphenol A (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether (BADGE.HClH2O). In addition, the serum and urine ratios (S/U ratios) of BFDGE.2HCl, BADGE & BULL;2H2O, BFDGE, BADGE, and BADGE.HCl.H2O were higher than 1, indicating that these contaminants have a higher enrichment capacity in human blood. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the partitioning and renal clearance rate of BDGEs in paired urine and serum samples from children and adolescents.

Automated summary

This study investigated the partitioning and clearance rate of nine bisphenol-diglycidyl ethers (BDGEs) in urine and serum samples from children and adolescents in Beijing. The results showed that these compounds can adversely affect growth and development, with BADGE.2H(2)O being the primary pollutant.