4.7 Article

Inhalation bioaccessibility of multi-class organic pollutants associated to atmospheric PM2.5: Correlation with PM2.5 properties and health risk assessment

Journal

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Volume 307, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119577

Keywords

Inhalation bioaccessibility; Emerging and priority organic pollutants; Particulate matter; Physiologically based extraction; Simulated lung fluid

Funding

  1. Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (MCIU)
  2. Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI)
  3. Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) [501100008530, RTI 2018-101116-B-I00]
  4. Xunta de Galicia (Programa de Consolidacion y Estructuracion de Unidades de Investigacion Competitivas) [ED431C 2017/28, ED431C 2021/56]
  5. Xunta de Galicia [FEDER501100008530-MINECO, UNLC15-DE-3097, ED481A-2018/164]
  6. European Union (European Social Fund - ESF) [ED481A-2018/164]
  7. Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [PRE 2019-088744]
  8. European Union (European Social Fund -ESF) [PRE 2019-088744]

Ask authors/readers for more resources

Inhalation exposure to PM2.5 has adverse effects on human health. The bioaccessibility of organic pollutants in PM2.5 samples was evaluated, and correlations between PM2.5 composition and bioaccessibility were analyzed. The health risk assessment of target PAHs indicated that the average human health risks were within safe levels.
Inhalation exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) represents a global concern due to the adverse effects in human health. In the last years, scientific community has been adopted the assessment of the PM2.5-bound pollutant fraction that could be released (bioaccessible fraction) in simulated lung fluids (SLFs) to achieve a better understanding of PM risk assessment and toxicological studies. Thus, bioaccessibility of 49 organic pollutants, including 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 12 phthalate esters (PAEs), 11 organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), 6 synthetic musk compounds (SMCs) and 2 bisphenols in PM2.5 samples was evaluated. The proposed method consists of a physiologically based extraction test (PBET) by using artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) to obtain bioaccessible fractions, followed by a vortex-assisted liquid-liquid micro extraction (VALLME) and a final analysis by programmed temperature vaporization-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (PTV-GC-MS/MS). The highest inhalation bioaccessibility ratio was found for bisphenol A (BPA) with an average of 83%, followed by OPFRs, PAEs and PAHs (with average bioaccessibilities of 68%, 41% and 34%, respectively). Correlations between PM2.5 composition (major ions, trace metals, equivalent black carbon (eBC) and UV-absorbing particulate matter (UVPM)) and bioaccessibility ratios were also assessed. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) suggested that PAHs, PAES and OPFRs bioaccessibility ratios could be positively correlated with PM2.5 carbonaceous content. Furthermore, both inverse and positive correlations on PAHs, PAEs and OPFRs bioaccessibilites could be accounted for some major ions and metal (oid)s associated to PM2.5, whereas no correlations comprising considered PM2.5 major ions and metal (oid)s contents and BPA bioaccessibility was observed. In addition, health risk assessment of target PM2.5-associated PAHs via inhalation was assessed in the study area considering both total and bioaccessible concentrations, being averaged human health risks within the safe carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic levels.

Authors

I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.

Reviews

Primary Rating

4.7
Not enough ratings

Secondary Ratings

Novelty
-
Significance
-
Scientific rigor
-
Rate this paper

Recommended

No Data Available
No Data Available