☆ 4.3 Review

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction and Body Mass Index

CURRENT HYPERTENSION REPORTS (2022)

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Review Cell Biology

Why does obesity cause diabetes?

Samuel Klein et al.

Summary: The accumulation of excessive body fat can lead to type 2 diabetes, and the risk of type 2 diabetes increases with an increase in body mass index. The global increase in obesity has therefore resulted in a corresponding increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. The mechanisms linking obesity and type 2 diabetes involve complex changes in b cell function, adipose tissue biology, and multi-organ insulin resistance, which can be improved or even normalized through weight loss.

CELL METABOLISM (2022)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update

Mariam N. Rana et al.

Summary: This article reviews the relationship between obesity and cardiovascular diseases, with a focus on the role of adipose tissue inflammation and distribution in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The study found that obesity can lead to chronic inflammation, which significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, different types of adipose tissue, such as white and brown adipose tissue, also play different roles in cardiovascular diseases.

CURRENT DIABETES REPORTS (2022)

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Article Peripheral Vascular Disease

Effects of Arterial Stiffness and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Progression on the Risk of Overweight/Obesity and Elevated Blood Pressure/Hypertension: a Cross-Lagged Cohort Study

Andrew O. Agbaje et al.

Summary: This study found that arterial stiffness, measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), was associated with the risk of overweight/obesity and elevated blood pressure/hypertension in adolescents. However, carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) had no associations with these risks. Progression of cfPWV was directly associated with an increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, while cIMT progression was associated with adiposity measures and diastolic blood pressure. These findings suggest the importance of preventing arterial stiffness, particularly in the context of obesity and hypertension.

HYPERTENSION (2022)

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Review Immunology

Inflammation in obesity, diabetes, and related disorders

Theresa Rohm et al.

Summary: Obesity can cause chronic systemic inflammation, leading to insulin resistance, beta-cell dysfunction, and ultimately type 2 diabetes. This inflammatory state also contributes to long-term complications of diabetes and may be associated with other conditions like Alzheimer's disease and polycystic ovarian syndrome.

IMMUNITY (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Kidney Damage Caused by Obesity and Its Feasible Treatment Drugs

Meihui Wang et al.

Summary: The rapid growth of obesity worldwide has had a significant impact on the prevalence of chronic kidney disease, particularly in developing countries. Obesity has been strongly associated with chronic kidney disease and is an independent risk factor for kidney disease. Histological changes in obesity-induced renal injury include glomerular or tubular hypertrophy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or bulbous sclerosis. Inflammation, renal hemodynamic changes, insulin resistance, and lipid metabolism disorders are all involved in the development and progression of obesity-induced nephropathy. However, there is currently no targeted treatment for obesity-related kidney disease. This review presents the use of RAS inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, and melatonin to treat obesity-induced kidney injury. Melatonin, in particular, has shown potential in protecting against kidney damage caused by obesity through inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Daily Liraglutide on Body Weight in Adults With Overweight or Obesity Without Diabetes The STEP 8 Randomized Clinical Trial

Domenica M. Rubino et al.

Summary: In overweight or obese adults without diabetes, once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide resulted in significantly greater weight loss compared to once-daily subcutaneous liraglutide when added to counseling for diet and physical activity over 68 weeks.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2022)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Diet-induced Fasting Ghrelin Elevation Reflects the Recovery of Insulin Sensitivity and Visceral Adiposity Regression

Gal Tsaban et al.

Summary: This study found that lower fasting ghrelin levels were associated with unfavorable cardiometabolic parameters during weight loss. After 18 months of weight loss, the increase in fasting ghrelin levels differed between different diet groups, with the green-MED diet group showing the highest increase. In addition, the increase in fasting ghrelin levels among men was associated with improved insulin sensitivity and regression of visceral adipose tissue.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2022)

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Review Peripheral Vascular Disease

Highlights of mechanisms and treatment of obesity-related hypertension

Elham Shams et al.

Summary: The prevalence of obesity has increased significantly from 1975 to 2015, with a strong link to hypertension. Excessive weight gain, especially when associated with visceral fat accumulation, accounts for a substantial portion of the risk of developing hypertension. Exercise and bariatric/metabolic surgery can lower blood pressure, while weight gain increases it, establishing a clear connection between these two factors. The mechanisms underlying obesity-related hypertension are complex and multifaceted.

JOURNAL OF HUMAN HYPERTENSION (2022)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Reassessing Human Adipose Tissue

Aaron M. Cypess

Summary: This review reevaluates human adipose tissue, discussing its roles in obesity and its important complementary functions in the endocrine system.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Insulin resistance persists despite a metabolically healthy obesity phenotype

Kristin K. Hoddy et al.

Summary: The study found that individuals with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) had similar body weight compared to those with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO), but had higher body fat percentage and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and lower levels of systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, glucose, and insulin. MHO group also showed differences in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure, and insulin compared to the reference group. Both MHO and MUO groups exhibited impaired insulin sensitivity compared to the reference control group.

OBESITY (2022)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Social determinants of health and obesity: Findings from a national study of US adults

Zulqarnain Javed et al.

Summary: This study examined the association between the burden of social determinants of health (SDOH) and overweight/obesity in a representative sample of adults in the United States. The results showed that there was a graded increase in obesity prevalence with increasing SDOH burden. Middle-aged and non-Hispanic Black adults had higher rates of overweight and obesity, and there were also differences by sex. The study suggested that higher SDOH burden was associated with increased odds of obesity, independent of clinical and demographic factors.

OBESITY (2022)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

Obesity Without Metabolic Abnormality and Incident CKD: A Population-Based British Cohort Study

Jingya Wang et al.

Summary: The study found that metabolically healthy obesity and overweight are associated with an increased risk of incident chronic kidney disease in a British primary care population. This association was stronger in those under 65 years old and there was a greater risk of CKD with a greater number of metabolic abnormalities in all BMI categories.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES (2022)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Bariatric surgery and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sophie L. van Veldhuisen et al.

Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that bariatric surgery is associated with reduced all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, as well as a lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases in patients with obesity. It highlights the importance of considering bariatric surgery for these patients.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Body-mass index and risk of obesity-related complex multimorbidity: an observational multicohort study

Mika Kivimaki et al.

Summary: Obesity is a shared risk factor for common diseases and is associated with the development of complex multimorbidity. It represents an important target for prevention of multiple diseases.

LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY (2022)

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Editorial Material Endocrinology & Metabolism

What's preventing us from curbing the obesity crisis?

[Anonymous]

LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity

Ania M. Jastreboff et al.

Summary: In this 72-week trial in participants with obesity, once-weekly doses of 5 mg, 10 mg, or 15 mg of tirzepatide provided substantial and sustained reductions in body weight, and improvements in cardiometabolic measures were also observed.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

Association Between Midlife Obesity and Kidney Function Trajectories: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Zhi Yu et al.

Summary: This study found that midlife obesity measures were associated with decline in kidney function among White and Black women over 30 years of follow-up, but the association was less consistent in men. Obesity indicators were independently associated with risk for kidney failure with replacement therapy for all sex-race groups except White men. Loss to follow-up during the study period was a limitation.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES (2021)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

Strategies to Treat Obesity in Patients with CKD

Kiran Chintam et al.

Summary: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases, and weight loss can improve kidney health in CKD patients. Medications promoting weight loss reduce albuminuria, but the risk to benefit ratio of intentional weight loss in kidney failure patients remains controversial.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES (2021)

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Article Primary Health Care

Survey of perceptions and educational needs of primary care providers regarding management of patients with class II and III obesity in Ontario, Canada

Boris Zevin et al.

Summary: Primary care providers in Southeastern Ontario lack sufficient knowledge and experience in managing patients with class II and III obesity, leading to under-referral for medical and surgical weight loss interventions. Many PCPs are hesitant to refer patients for bariatric surgery and lack comfort in providing long-term follow-up care. There is a clear need for additional education and professional development in this area to improve patient care outcomes.

BMC FAMILY PRACTICE (2021)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Obesity, kidney dysfunction, and inflammation: interactions in hypertension

John E. Hall et al.

Summary: Obesity contributes significantly to human primary hypertension risk, particularly in driving cardiovascular and kidney diseases, with kidney dysfunction and neurohormonal, renal, and inflammatory mechanisms playing key roles in the development of obesity-induced hypertension.

CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Pathophysiology-based subphenotyping of individuals at elevated risk for type 2 diabetes

Robert Wagner et al.

Summary: Analysis of high-risk individuals revealed six distinct subphenotypes of type 2 diabetes, among which three had elevated glycemia levels, with clusters 3 and 5 having imminent diabetes risks.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Tregs facilitate obesity and insulin resistance via a Blimp-1/IL-10 axis

Lisa Y. Beppu et al.

Summary: IL-10, produced by CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells, can suppress adipocyte beiging, leading to reduced insulin resistance and obesity. Loss of IL-10 in Tregs, through the transcription factor Blimp-1, resulted in improved metabolic outcomes in high-fat diet-fed mice. This highlights the important role of Treg-derived IL-10 in regulating adipose tissue homeostasis.

JCI INSIGHT (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of Bimagrumab vs Placebo on Body Fat Mass Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial

Steven B. Heymsfield et al.

Summary: The study showed that blockade of the ActRII pathway with bimagrumab led to significant loss of fat mass, gain in lean mass, and metabolic improvements over 48 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity. Inhibition of ActRII pathway may offer a novel approach for managing excess adiposity and metabolic disturbances.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

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Article Hematology

Perivascular Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Ischemic Heart Disease

Celestina Mazzotta et al.

Summary: This study identifies an inflamed region in perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) associated with atherosclerosis, with higher inflammation levels in obese individuals. Dysfunctional PVAT may contribute to vascular disease mechanisms, especially in the context of obesity.

ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Metabolic consequences of obesity and type 2 diabetes: Balancing genes and environment for personalized care

Nicolas J. Pillon et al.

Summary: This review focuses on the influence of genetic and environmental factors on metabolism and highlights the importance of personalized strategies for prevention, management, and care to improve health outcomes and reduce the impact of metabolic diseases.

CELL (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Metabolic surgery: A clinical update

Rickesha Wilson et al.

Summary: Metabolic and bariatric surgery has evolved from experimental weight-loss surgery to an established practice, with proven benefits for weight loss and metabolic health improvement. However, access to metabolic surgery remains limited for a large portion of the global population, highlighting the need for healthcare providers to bridge the gap and provide necessary information and resources to patients in need.

DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM (2021)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Visceral adiposity index outperforms conventional anthropometric assessments as predictor of diabetes mellitus in elderly Chinese: a population-based study

Meng-Ting Tsou et al.

Summary: The study found that Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) had the highest discriminatory ability for predicting diabetes mellitus risk, especially pronounced in older women.

NUTRITION & METABOLISM (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Visceral adiposity index is positively associated with blood pressure: A systematic review

Nathalia Nogueira Leite et al.

Summary: This systematic review found a positive association between VAI and blood pressure, with most studies showing higher blood pressure levels in individuals with increased VAI.

OBESITY RESEARCH & CLINICAL PRACTICE (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Effects of bariatric surgery on lipid-lipoprotein profile

Marie-Eve Piche et al.

Summary: The atherogenic dyslipidemia commonly seen in severe obesity includes high triglyceride levels, low HDL cholesterol concentrations, and an increased proportion of small and dense LDL particles. Bariatric surgery has been shown to be effective in improving lipid-lipoprotein profile in severe obesity, with mechanisms possibly involving adipose tissue distribution/function, insulin sensitivity, liver fat content/function and lipid-lipoprotein metabolism.

METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL (2021)

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Letter Surgery

Dignity and Respect: People-First Language with Regard to Obesity

Simar Singh Bajaj et al.

OBESITY SURGERY (2021)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Impact of Obesity in Kidney Diseases

Vasilios Kotsis et al.

Summary: Obesity is closely related to renal damage, and weight reduction is key in limiting the impact on kidneys, reducing albuminuria/proteinuria, slowing down the decline in renal function, delaying the development of CKD, and improving outcomes of renal transplantation.

NUTRIENTS (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Obesity, Adipose Tissue and Vascular Dysfunction

Mascha Koenen et al.

Summary: Cardiovascular diseases, as the leading cause of death worldwide, are strongly associated with overweight and obesity, which contribute to vascular dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. The abnormal remodeling of specific adipose tissue depots during obesity plays a critical role in the development of hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular stiffness, with fat distribution being a key determinant of the risk for cardiovascular diseases.

CIRCULATION RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Pathophysiology of Hypertension The Mosaic Theory and Beyond

David G. Harrison et al.

Summary: Dr. Irvine Page proposed the Mosaic Theory of Hypertension in the 1940s, advocating that hypertension is the result of many interacting factors. Over the years, new concepts have arisen that allow further refinements of the theory, emphasizing the interdependence of various nodes.

CIRCULATION RESEARCH (2021)

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Review Physiology

Effect of Exercise Training on Fat Loss-Energetic Perspectives and the Role of Improved Adipose Tissue Function and Body Fat Distribution

Kristoffer Jensen Kolnes et al.

Summary: Excessive abdominal fat in obesity increases the risk of metabolic disorders, and physical activity, particularly high-intensity interval training, is recommended for prevention and treatment. High-intensity exercise utilizes carbohydrates as the main energy source and can reduce fat mass despite lower fat oxidation levels.

FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Obesity: Overview of Weight Management

Meetal Mehta et al.

Summary: This article reviews the multifaceted personalized treatment approach for obesity, including lifestyle interventions, pharmacotherapy, endoscopic procedures, and surgical procedures. However, current literature lacks large studies on the safety and efficacy of combination therapies involving pharmacotherapy plus surgical procedures.

ENDOCRINE PRACTICE (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Associations Among Adipose Tissue Immunology, Inflammation, Exosomes and Insulin Sensitivity in People With Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Anja Fuchs et al.

Summary: Insulin resistance in people with obesity and NAFLD is associated with SAAT inflammation and both plasma and SAAT-derived exosomes, which may impact insulin sensitivity in these patients.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

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Article Peripheral Vascular Disease

Plasma Leptin and Blood Pressure Progression in Blacks The Jackson Heart Study

Arnaud D. Kaze et al.

Summary: This study found an association between plasma leptin levels and blood pressure progression in Blacks, suggesting that leptin concentrations may help identify individuals at risk for hypertension and guide prevention and management strategies.

HYPERTENSION (2021)

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Review Peripheral Vascular Disease

Recent Advances in Hypertension Intersection of Metabolic and Blood Pressure Regulatory Circuits in the Central Nervous System

Vanessa Oliveira et al.

Summary: Obesity is the major obstacle to improving cardiovascular health, involving changes in energy balance control that may lead to hypertension. Drug development targeting metabolism often leads to hypertension, but new research suggests different subtypes of AGRP neurons may have varying effects on feeding, metabolism, or blood pressure control.

HYPERTENSION (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Risk factors mediating the effect of body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio on cardiovascular outcomes: Mendelian randomization analysis

Dipender Gill et al.

Summary: Through Mendelian randomization mediation analysis, it was found that reducing obesity can lower the risk of cardiovascular disease by adjusting factors such as blood pressure, diabetes, lipid traits, and smoking. After adjusting for all mediators, the impact of obesity on the risk of cardiovascular disease is significantly weakened.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Detection of diabetes from whole-body MRI using deep learning

Benedikt Dietz et al.

Summary: The study indicated that diabetes can be detected through whole-body MRI without additional data, with visceral fat playing a crucial role in diabetes classification. The model identified a high-risk group with increased risk for future diabetes and microalbuminuria.

JCI INSIGHT (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Adiponectin Related Vascular and Cardiac Benefits in Obesity: Is There a Role for an Epigenetically Regulated Mechanism?

Rosaria Anna Fontanella et al.

Summary: The study confirmed the role of epigenetics in obesity-related cardiovascular complications, and proposed plasma miRNA-21 and IL-6 as well as NF-kB DNA methylation changes in nucleated blood cells as potential biomarkers for evaluating cardiovascular risk in obesity. It also showed the protective role of adiponectin in preventing epigenetic modifications induced by increased adipose tissue content in obese individuals. Further research is needed to explore the exact mechanisms of obesity-related epigenetic modifications in blood cells and their reflection of changes in adipose and myocardial tissues.

FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

The changing landscape of atherosclerosis

Peter Libby

Summary: Emerging evidence has led to a significant evolution of concepts related to atherosclerosis, with a shifting risk profile that is no longer limited to specific regions or demographics. Recent research has highlighted new risk factors and mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis, opening doors to potential therapeutic interventions for this widespread disease.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

The Bariatric-Metabolic Physician's Role in Managing Clinically Severe Obesity

Claudia Coelho et al.

Summary: This review outlines the important role of obesity physicians in managing patients with severe obesity, emphasizing the effectiveness of bariatric surgery in treating complex obesity. The complexity of managing patients with clinically severe obesity underscores the need for thorough clinical assessment and long-term follow-up to ensure optimal clinical outcomes.

CURRENT OBESITY REPORTS (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

A Nephrologist Perspective on Obesity: From Kidney Injury to Clinical Management

Clara Garcia-Carro et al.

Summary: Obesity is a prevalent epidemic in modern times, with a strong association with chronic kidney disease. In addition to hemodynamic changes, adipokines may also play a role in detrimental effects on renal cells. Hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus can exacerbate the impact of obesity on the kidneys.

FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Antiobesity drug therapy: An individualized and comprehensive approach

Yael Mauer et al.

Summary: Obesity affects 42% of US adults and has a devastating impact on health, with long-term weight loss being difficult. Antiobesity medications as part of a comprehensive plan can help patients achieve lasting obesity control. Choosing an antiobesity drug regimen should be an individualized, shared decision-making process for patients suffering from obesity.

CLEVELAND CLINIC JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Peripheral Vascular Disease

Weight-Loss Strategies for Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Michael E. Hall et al.

Summary: Obesity is a major risk factor for primary hypertension, and lifestyle modification is usually recommended for obese patients, but long-term success is limited.

HYPERTENSION (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Progress in Pharmacotherapy for Obesity

Susan Z. Yanovski et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Article Sport Sciences

Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Body Fatness: Associations with Total Body Fat, Visceral Fat, and Liver Fat

Esther Winters-Van Eekelen et al.

Summary: The study found that replacing sedentary time with moderate to vigorous physical activity, but not light physical activity, was associated with less total body fat, visceral fat, and liver fat, contributing to the development of more specified guidelines on sedentary time and physical activity.

MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE (2021)

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Review Cell Biology

The aetiology and molecular landscape of insulin resistance

David E. James et al.

Summary: Insulin resistance is an early manifestation of various human diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Recent research has highlighted the important role of adipose tissue in the development of insulin resistance by releasing lipids and other factors that disrupt insulin action in other organs. Identifying the targets involved in this unified insulin resistance pathway is crucial for developing new treatments for insulin resistance-related diseases.

NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

The Accuracy of Visceral Adiposity Index for the Screening of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Moniba Bijari et al.

Summary: The Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) is an accurate and low-cost screening marker for Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), showing moderate-to-high accuracy in screening. Further studies are needed to evaluate its applicability in clinical practice and determine an optimal cut-off value.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Association of Adiposity With Incident Diabetes Among Black Adults in the Jackson Heart Study

Joshua J. Joseph et al.

Summary: This study found that among Black adults, multiple measures of adiposity were associated with incident diabetes, with the leptin:adiponectin ratio and visceral adipose tissue showing the strongest associations. In individuals with normoglycemia, waist circumference, liver attenuation, and visceral adipose tissue may better identify those at high risk for diabetes, while HbA(1c) was found to be the best predictor in individuals with prediabetes.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Effects of liraglutide on visceral and ectopic fat in adults with overweight and obesity at high cardiovascular risk: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial

Ian J. Neeland et al.

Summary: In adults with overweight or obesity at high cardiovascular disease risk, once-daily liraglutide 3.0 mg plus lifestyle intervention significantly lowered visceral adipose tissue over 40 weeks of treatment, potentially explaining the cardiovascular benefits seen in previous trials among patients with type 2 diabetes.

LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Association Between Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index and Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Japanese Adults

Luxiang Shang et al.

Summary: The Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index (CVAI) was found to be positively associated with the risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a Japanese population, demonstrating better predictive power than BMI and waist circumference (WC). Nonlinear relationships between CVAI and T2DM events were identified in both genders.

DIABETES METABOLIC SYNDROME AND OBESITY-TARGETS AND THERAPY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

The patterns of left ventricular alteration by adipose tissue distribution: implication for heart failure prevention

Anping Cai et al.

Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the associations between general and abdominal obesity with left ventricular structure and function, finding that both types of obesity were related to different patterns of LV alterations, with no differences in associations by sex.

ESC HEART FAILURE (2021)

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Article Surgery

Primary care providers' attitudes and knowledge of bariatric surgery

Emily K. Horecki Lopez et al.

SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES (2020)

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Review Immunology

The inflammatory effect of epigenetic factors and modifications in type 2 diabetes

Mohamad Akbari et al.

INFLAMMOPHARMACOLOGY (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Life-Course Cumulative Burden of Body Mass Index and Blood Pressure on Progression of Left Ventricular Mass and Geometry in Midlife The Bogalusa Heart Study

Yinkun Yan et al.

CIRCULATION RESEARCH (2020)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Medical and surgical management of obesity and diabetes: what's new?

B. J. Ammori et al.

DIABETIC MEDICINE (2020)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Metabolically Healthy Obesity

Matthias Blueher

ENDOCRINE REVIEWS (2020)

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Article Peripheral Vascular Disease

Left Ventricular Mass and Incident Chronic Kidney Disease

Rajiv Agarwal et al.

HYPERTENSION (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Joint international consensus statement for ending stigma of obesity

Francesco Rubino et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2020)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Waist circumference as a vital sign in clinical practice: a Consensus Statement from the IAS and ICCR Working Group on Visceral Obesity

Robert Ross et al.

NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY (2020)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Different Patterns of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Metabolically Healthy and Insulin-Resistant Obese Subjects

Angela Sciacqua et al.

NUTRIENTS (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Obesity Phenotypes, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Diseases

Marie-Eve Piche et al.

CIRCULATION RESEARCH (2020)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Prevalence and Management of Adult Obesity in a Large US Academic Health System

Rebecca H. Lumsden et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Anti-obesity drug therapy in clinical practice: Evidence of a poor prescriptive attitude

Francesco Squadrito et al.

BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Adverse Outcomes in Obese Cardiac Surgery Patients Correlates With Altered Branched-Chain Amino Acid Catabolism in Adipose Tissue and Heart

Dipsikha Biswas et al.

FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Metabolically Healthy, but Obese Individuals and Associations with Echocardiographic Parameters and Inflammatory Biomarkers: Results from the CARLA Study

Ljupcho Efremov et al.

DIABETES METABOLIC SYNDROME AND OBESITY-TARGETS AND THERAPY (2020)

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Overcoming obesity: Weight-loss drugs are underused

Amjad Kanj et al.

CLEVELAND CLINIC JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Trends in Blood Pressure Control Among US Adults With Hypertension, 1999-2000 to 2017-2018

Paul Muntner et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Joint international consensus statement for ending stigma of obesity

Francesco Rubino et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2020)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Obesity

Adam Gilden Tsai et al.

ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2019)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Metabolic Surgery for Hypertension in Patients With Obesity

Manan Pareek et al.

CIRCULATION RESEARCH (2019)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Exercise Versus Pharmacological Interventions for Reducing Visceral Adiposity and Improving Health Outcomes

Jonatan R. Ruiz et al.

MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS (2019)

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Article Surgery

Health and appearance: Factors motivating the decision to seek bariatric surgery

Rebecca L. Pearl et al.

SURGERY FOR OBESITY AND RELATED DISEASES (2019)

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Review Urology & Nephrology

Obesity, kidney dysfunction and hypertension: mechanistic links

John E. Hall et al.

NATURE REVIEWS NEPHROLOGY (2019)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Metabolomics Profiling of Visceral Adipose Tissue: Results From MESA and the NEO Study

Ian J. Neeland et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION (2019)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Visceral and ectopic fat, atherosclerosis, and cardiometabolic disease: a position statement

Ian J. Neeland et al.

LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY (2019)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Weight loss facilitates reduction of left ventricular mass in obese hypertensive patients: The Campania Salute Network

M. T. Lonnebakken et al.

NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (2019)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Visceral adiposity index is a better predictor of unhealthy metabolic phenotype than traditional adiposity measures: results from a population-based study

Fabricia Geralda Ferreira et al.

PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION (2019)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Projected US State-Level Prevalence of Adult Obesity and Severe Obesity

Zachary J. Ward et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2019)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Altered Adipose Tissue DNA Methylation Status in Metabolic Syndrome: Relationships Between Global DNA Methylation and Specific Methylation at Adipogenic, Lipid Metabolism and Inflammatory Candidate Genes and Metabolic Variables

Daniel Castellano-Castillo et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2019)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Current pharmacotherapy for obesity

Gitanjali Srivastava et al.

NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY (2018)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Updates on obesity pharmacotherapy

Amanda Velazquez et al.

ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (2018)

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Review Peripheral Vascular Disease

Visceral Adipose Tissue Accumulation and Residual Cardiovascular Risk

Thierry H. Le Jemtel et al.

CURRENT HYPERTENSION REPORTS (2018)

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Review Cell Biology

The genetics of adiposity

Ruth J. F. Loos

CURRENT OPINION IN GENETICS & DEVELOPMENT (2018)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Evolving Societal Norms of Obesity What Is the Appropriate Response?

Mary A. Burke et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2018)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Toward Precision Approaches for the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity

Susan Z. Yanovski et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2018)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Advanced body composition assessment: from body mass index to body composition profiling

Magnus Borga et al.

JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE (2018)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Mitochondrial dysfunction in obesity

Aline Haas de Mello et al.

LIFE SCIENCES (2018)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Experimental Weight Gain Increases Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Healthy Subjects: Implications of Visceral Fat Accumulation

Naima Covassin et al.

MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS (2018)

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The obesity epidemic and rising diabetes incidence in a low-income racially diverse southern US cohort

Baqiyyah N. Conway et al.

PLOS ONE (2018)

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Review Nutrition & Dietetics

Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Insulin Resistance: Focus on the Regulation of Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Marilena Lepretti et al.

NUTRIENTS (2018)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Progress and challenges in anti-obesity pharmacotherapy

Daniel H. Bessesen et al.

LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY (2018)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Association of Body Mass Index With Lifetime Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Compression of Morbidity

Sadiya S. Khan et al.

JAMA CARDIOLOGY (2018)

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Behavioral and Pharmacotherapy Weight Loss Interventions to Prevent Obesity-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Adults Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Erin S. LeBlanc et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2018)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Role of genetic and environmental factors in DNA methylation of lipid metabolism

Zhen He et al.

GENES & DISEASES (2018)

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Article Peripheral Vascular Disease

Development of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Treated Hypertensive Outpatients: The Campania Salute Network

Raffaele Izzo et al.

HYPERTENSION (2017)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Body mass index as a predictor of healthy and disease-free life expectancy between ages 50 and 75: a multicohort study

S. Stenholm et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY (2017)

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The ominous triad of adipose tissue dysfunction: inflammation, fibrosis, and impaired angiogenesis

Clair Crewe et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2017)

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Skeletal muscle insulin resistance: role of mitochondria and other ROS sources

Sergio Di Meo et al.

JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (2017)

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Association of Resistance Exercise, Independent of and Combined With Aerobic Exercise, With the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome

Esmee A. Bakker et al.

MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS (2017)

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Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease

P. M. Ridker et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2017)

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Obesity: a chronic relapsing progressive disease process. A position statement of the World Obesity Federation

G. A. Bray et al.

OBESITY REVIEWS (2017)

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Prevalence and recognition of obesity and its associated comorbidities: cross-sectional analysis of electronic health record data from a large US integrated health system

Kevin M. Pantalone et al.

BMJ OPEN (2017)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Dynamic Relation of Changes in Weight and Indices of Fat Distribution With Cardiac Structure and Function: The Dallas Heart Study

Bryan Wilner et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION (2017)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Atherogenic Lipoprotein Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease and Residual Risk Among Individuals With Low Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Patrick R. Lawler et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION (2017)

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Obesity-related glomerulopathy: pathogenesis, pathologic, clinical characteristics and treatment

Tianhua Xu et al.

FRONTIERS OF MEDICINE (2017)

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Changes in Body Weight and Composition Are Associated With Changes in Left Ventricular Geometry and Function in the General Population: SHIP (Study of Health in Pomerania)

Marcello Ricardo Paulista Markus et al.

CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2017)

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Epigenetic Changes in Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk

Samuel T. Keating et al.

CIRCULATION RESEARCH (2016)

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Association of Pharmacological Treatments for Obesity With Weight Loss and Adverse Events A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Rohan Khera et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2016)

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Obesity-related glomerulopathy: clinical and pathologic characteristics and pathogenesis

Vivette D. D'Agati et al.

NATURE REVIEWS NEPHROLOGY (2016)

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Obesity and Subtypes of Incident Cardiovascular Disease

Chiadi E. Ndumele et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION (2016)

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Anthropometric and Metabolic Risk Factors for ESRD Are Disease-Specific: Results from a Large Population-Based Cohort Study in Austria

Emanuel Zitt et al.

PLOS ONE (2016)

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Obesity-Induced Hypertension Interaction of Neurohumoral and Renal Mechanisms

John E. Hall et al.

CIRCULATION RESEARCH (2015)

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Obesity and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: The Hypertension Connection

Angela J. Woodiwiss et al.

CURRENT HYPERTENSION REPORTS (2015)

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Pharmacological Management of Obesity: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline

Caroline M Apovian et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2015)

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MicroRNA regulatory networks in human adipose tissue and obesity

Peter Arner et al.

NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY (2015)

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Is obesity predictive of cardiovascular dysfunction independent of cardiovascular risk factors?

E. DeVallance et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY (2015)

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Remnant Cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, and Blood Pressure as Mediators From Obesity to Ischemic Heart Disease

Anette Varbo et al.

CIRCULATION RESEARCH (2015)

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Prevention of type 2 diabetes in obese at-risk subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Claudia Merlotti et al.

ACTA DIABETOLOGICA (2014)

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T-Cell Profile in Adipose Tissue Is Associated With Insulin Resistance and Systemic Inflammation in Humans

Tracey McLaughlin et al.

ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY (2014)

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Metabolic mediators of the effects of body-mass index, overweight, and obesity on coronary heart disease and stroke: a pooled analysis of 97 prospective cohorts with 1.8 million participants

Yuan Lu et al.

LANCET (2014)

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Association of the Degree of Adiposity and Duration of Obesity with Measures of Cardiac Structure and Function: The CARDIA Study

Jared P. Reis et al.

OBESITY (2014)

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Visceral Adiposity Index: An Indicator of Adipose Tissue Dysfunction

Marco Calogero Amato et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (2014)

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Association between Class III Obesity (BMI of 40-59 kg/m2) and Mortality: A Pooled Analysis of 20 Prospective Studies

Cari M. Kitahara et al.

PLOS MEDICINE (2014)

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The Visceral Adiposity Index: Relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors in obese and overweight postmenopausal women - A MONET group study

Belinda Elisha et al.

APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM (2013)

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Relation of Regional Fat Distribution to Left Ventricular Structure and Function

Ian J. Neeland et al.

CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2013)

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Arterial Stiffening Precedes Systolic Hypertension in Diet-Induced Obesity

Robert M. Weisbrod et al.

HYPERTENSION (2013)

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Letter Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Clinical indications and proper use of Visceral Adiposity Index

M. C. Amato et al.

NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (2013)

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Obesity-Related Hypertension: Pathogenesis, Cardiovascular Risk, and Treatment-A Position Paper of the The Obesity Society and the American Society of Hypertension

Lewis Landsberg et al.

OBESITY (2013)

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Visceral Fat Resection in Humans: Effect on Insulin Sensitivity, Beta-Cell Function, Adipokines, and Inflammatory Markers

Marcelo M. O. Lima et al.

OBESITY (2013)

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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HUMAN VISCERAL OBESITY: AN UPDATE

Andre Tchernof et al.

PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2013)

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Does a Nephron Deficit Exacerbate the Renal and Cardiovascular Effects of Obesity?

Seshini Gurusinghe et al.

PLOS ONE (2013)

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Lack of Reduction of Left Ventricular Mass in Treated Hypertension: The Strong Heart Study

Giovanni de Simone et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION (2013)

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Long-Term Adherence to Health Behavior Change

Kathryn R. Middleton et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF LIFESTYLE MEDICINE (2013)

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Obesity and Severe Obesity Forecasts Through 2030

Eric A. Finkelstein et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE (2012)

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The Effect of Elevated Body Mass Index on Ischemic Heart Disease Risk: Causal Estimates from a Mendelian Randomisation Approach

Borge G. Nordestgaard et al.

PLOS MEDICINE (2012)

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Impact of Body Weight and Extreme Obesity on the Presentation, Treatment, and In-Hospital Outcomes of 50,149 Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Sandeep R. Das et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2011)

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Cut-off points of the visceral adiposity index (VAI) identifying a visceral adipose dysfunction associated with cardiometabolic risk in a Caucasian Sicilian population

Marco C. Amato et al.

LIPIDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE (2011)

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Visceral Adiposity Index A reliable indicator of visceral fat function associated with cardiometabolic risk

Marco C. Amato et al.

DIABETES CARE (2010)

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The Impact of Obesity on the Left Ventricle The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Evrim B. Turkbey et al.

JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2010)

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Influence of Obesity on Progression of Non-Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Muftah Othman et al.

NEPHRON CLINICAL PRACTICE (2009)

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Obesity promotes left ventricular concentric rather than eccentric geometric remodeling and hypertrophy independent of blood pressure

Angela J. Woodiwiss et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION (2008)

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The obese without cardiometabolic risk factor clustering and the normal weight with cardiometabolic risk factor clustering - Prevalence and correlates of 2 phenotypes among the US population (NHANES 1999-2004)

Rachel P. Wildman et al.

ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2008)

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Obesity and age of first non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Mohan C. Madala et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2008)

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Association of Hypertension, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, and Metabolic Syndrome with Obesity: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 to 2004

Ninh T. Nguyen et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS (2008)

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Changes in perceived weight discrimination among Americans, 1995-1996 through 2004-2006

Tatiana Andreyeva et al.

OBESITY (2008)

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Association of overweight with increased risk of coronary heart disease partly independent of blood pressure and cholesterol levels - A meta-analysis of 21 cohort studies including more than 300,000 persons

Rik P. Bogers et al.

ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2007)

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The relationship of body mass index to diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidaemia: comparison of data from two national surveys

H. E. Bays et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE (2007)

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High visceral fat mass and high liver fat are associated with resistance to lifestyle intervention

Claus Thamer et al.

OBESITY (2007)

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Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome - An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement

SM Grundy et al.

CIRCULATION (2005)

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Absence of an effect of liposuction on insulin action and risk factors for coronary heart disease

S Klein et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2004)

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Importance of identifying the overweight patient who will benefit the most by losing weight

GM Reaven

ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2003)

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Years of life lost due to obesity

KR Fontaine et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2003)

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Underdiagnosis of obesity at a community health center

CA Lemay et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF FAMILY PRACTICE (2003)

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Obesity accelerates the progression of coronary atherosclerosis in young men

HC McGill et al.

CIRCULATION (2002)

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Abdominal obesity is associated with increased risk of acute coronary events in men

HM Lakka et al.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2002)

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Inflammation and atherosclerosis

P Libby et al.

CIRCULATION (2002)

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