Journal
CLINICAL NUTRITION
Volume 41, Issue 8, Pages 1834-1844Publisher
CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.06.032
Keywords
Personalized nutrition; Precision nutrition; Nutrigenetics; Metabolomics; Obesity; Weight management; Health-biomarkers
Categories
Funding
- European Union [818318]
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences via The Saudi Arabian Cultural Office
- H2020 Societal Challenges Programme [818318] Funding Source: H2020 Societal Challenges Programme
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This 10-week clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of personalized dietary plans for individuals with overweight or obesity. The results showed no significant difference in outcomes between the personalized diet group and the control diet group. Both diets resulted in improvements in insulin resistance and lipid profile.
Background & aims: Growing evidence suggests that biomarker-guided dietary interventions can optimize response to treatment. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of the PREVENTOMCIS platform-which uses metabolomic and genetic information to classify individuals into different 'metabolic clusters' and create personalized dietary plans-for improving health outcomes in subjects with overweight or obesity. Methods: A 10-week parallel, double-blinded, randomized intervention was conducted in 100 adults (82 completers) aged 18-65 years, with body mass index >= 27 but <40 kg/m(2), who were allocated into either a personalized diet group (n = 49) or a control diet group (n = 51). About 60% of all food was provided free-of-charge. No specific instruction to restrict energy intake was given. The primary outcome was change in fat mass from baseline, evaluated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Other endpoints included body weight, waist circumference, lipid profile, glucose homeostasis markers, inflammatory markers, blood pressure, physical activity, stress and eating behavior. Results: There were significant main effects of time (P < 0.01), but no group main effects, or time-by-group interactions, for the change in fat mass (personalized: -2.1 [95% CI -2.9, -1.4] kg; control: -2.0 [95% CI -2.7, -1.3] kg) and body weight (personalized: -3.1 [95% CI -4.1, -2.1] kg; control: -3.3 [95% CI -4.2, -2.4] kg). The difference between groups in fat mass change was -0.1 kg (95% CI -1.2, 0.9 kg, P= 0.77). Both diets resulted in significant improvements in insulin resistance and lipid profile, but there were no significant differences between groups. Conclusion: Personalized dietary plans did not result in greater benefits over a generic, but generally healthy diet, in this 10-week clinical trial. Further studies are required to establish the soundness of different precision nutrition approaches, and translate this science into clinically relevant dietary advice to reduce the burden of obesity and its comorbidities. (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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