4.4 Article

Iron Removal from Kaolin Waste Dumps by Chemical (Oxalic and Citric Acids) and Biological (Bacillus Strain) Leaching

Journal

CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS
Volume 70, Issue 3, Pages 386-404

Publisher

SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s42860-022-00192-7

Keywords

Bacillus; Iron leaching; Kaolin waste; Oxalic acid; Response surface methodology

Funding

  1. European Union through program EIT Raw Materials from Horizon 2020 [18259]
  2. CRUE-CSIC
  3. Springer Nature

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This study aimed to eliminate iron minerals from kaolin waste dumps using chemical or biological methods. The chemical leaching process showed that time was the most influential variable, while the biological leaching resulted in less than 1% iron elimination.
Kaolin waste dumps contain a huge volume of material that cannot be commercialized due to the presence of variable amounts of iron minerals, which impart a yellowish color to the kaolin. Elimination of iron from kaolin using either a chemical or a biological method was the aim of this study. The chemical leaching of iron from kaolin was carried out using response surface methodology to optimize the reaction conditions. Time was found to be the most influential variable, although oxalic acid must be present to leach 32% of the iron. Biological leaching was also assayed for 14 days using a Bacillus strain. The results of bacterial leaching of iron from kaolin showed <1% iron elimination.

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