Journal
CHEMCATCHEM
Volume 14, Issue 18, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200636
Keywords
Friedel-Crafts Alkylation; Acylation; Biocatalysis; Enzymes; Artificial Enzymes; DNA Catalysis
Categories
Funding
- Netherlands Ministry of Education, Culture and Science [024.001.035]
- European Research Council [885396]
- European Research Council (ERC) [885396] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation reactions are important in synthetic and industrial chemistry. Researchers have expanded the application of these reactions through directed evolution and created bio-hybrid catalysts. This review summarizes these efforts and discusses future routes for more efficient and benign Friedel-Crafts reactions.
Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation reactions are important methodologies in synthetic and industrial chemistry for the construction of aryl-alkyl and aryl-acyl linkages that are ubiquitous in bioactive molecules. Nature also exploits these reactions in many biosynthetic processes. Much work has been done to expand the synthetic application of these enzymes to unnatural substrates through directed evolution. The promise of such biocatalysts is their potential to supersede inefficient and toxic chemical approaches to these reactions, with mild operating conditions - the hallmark of enzymes. Complementary work has created many bio-hybrid Friedel-Crafts catalysts consisting of chemical catalysts anchored into biomolecular scaffolds, which display many of the same desirable characteristics. In this Review, we summarise these efforts, focussing on both mechanistic aspects and synthetic considerations, concluding with an overview of the frontiers of this field and routes towards more efficient and benign Friedel-Crafts reactions for the future of humankind.
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