Sex and cancer immunotherapy: Current understanding and challenges

Recent evidence highlights patients' sex relevance in antitumor immune response through a complex interaction-among hormones, genes, behaviors, and the microbiome-that affects both innate and adaptive immune functions, as well as immune evasion mechanisms. These complex interactions ultimately influence the efficacy and toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors in solid tumors.

Automated summary

Recent evidence suggests that patients' sex plays a significant role in the antitumor immune response, with complex interactions among hormones, genes, behaviors, and the microbiome affecting innate and adaptive immune functions as well as immune evasion mechanisms. These interactions ultimately impact the efficacy and toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors in solid tumors.