The inflammatory reflex reloaded Comment

Article Neurosciences

Reflex regulation of systemic inflammation by the autonomic nervous system

Robin M. McAllen et al.

Summary: This review discusses the concept, mechanisms, and role of the inflammatory reflex in regulating inflammation. The reflex exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhancing anti-inflammatory cytokines, and it is distributed among the abdominal viscera, capable of functioning independently of specific organs.

AUTONOMIC NEUROSCIENCE-BASIC & CLINICAL (2022)

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Article Immunology

The carotid body detects circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha to activate a sympathetic anti-inflammatory reflex

Pedro L. Katayama et al.

Summary: Recent evidence suggests that the carotid bodies act as immunological sensors, detecting pro-inflammatory mediators and signaling to the central nervous system to orchestrate autonomic responses. Carotid body ablation or splanchnic sympathetic denervation reduces the activation of neurons and sympathetic nerve activity induced by TNF-alpha, while increasing cytokine levels.

BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY (2022)

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Article Immunology

The endogenous inflammatory reflex inhibits the inflammatory response to different immune challenges in mice

Alessandra Occhinegro et al.

Summary: The splanchnic anti-inflammatory pathway suppresses inflammatory response in mice and can be activated by various inflammatory stimuli, indicating its potential therapeutic benefits in managing inflammatory conditions.

BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY (2021)

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Article Neurosciences

Divergence of neuroimmune circuits activated by afferent and efferent vagal nerve stimulation in the regulation of inflammation

Kaitlin Murray et al.

Summary: Our study reveals that vagus nerve stimulation can inhibit inflammation, with efferent and afferent stimulation having distinct mechanisms. Immune regulation induced by vagus nerve stimulation is beta(2)-adrenergic receptor-dependent, suggesting unique pathways for controlling immune cell activation through efferent and afferent stimulation.

JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences