4.2 Article

C-peptide levels and glycemic indices in COVID-19 patients

Journal

BIOTECHNOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT
Volume 36, Issue 1, Pages 418-424

Publisher

TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2090858

Keywords

C-peptide; HbA(1c); hyperglycemia at admittance; Covid-19; Diabetes mellitus type 2

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This study aimed to evaluate the impact of glycemic biomarkers on COVID-19. The results showed that age, kidney function, blood glucose levels, and HbA(1c) were important predictors of severe COVID-19. C-peptide levels were also associated with various clinical indicators and could predict leukocytosis. Optimizing glycemic control and early detection of diabetes are crucial during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a common comorbidity in COVID-19 patients, which could favor disease progression. Our study aimed to evaluate the impact of some glycemic biomarkers on characteristic features of COVID-19. Electronic medical records of patients consecutively admitted to a COVID-19 ward were analyzed. Demographic and anthropometric as well as clinical and laboratory parameters were obtained. T2DM was present in 47% of the patients, with 22.58% of diabetic patients being newly diagnosed at admission. The most important predictors of severe COVID-19 were age (OR 1.214 [1.078-1.366], p = 0.001), creatinine levels (OR 1.018 [1.003-1.034], p = 0.017), glucose above 7.0 mmol/L at admission (OR 7.800 [2.232-27.255], p = 0.001) and HbA(1c) >= 6.5% (OR 4.840 [1.428-16.405], p = 0.011) irrespective of the presence of DM. C-peptide levels correlated positively with age, creatinine level, the severity of hypoxia and ferritin levels of patients (p < 0.05 for all) and appeared to be a significant predictor of leukocytosis. Suboptimal glycemic indices and impaired kidney function might predict COVID-19 disease worsening. Early detection of DM and optimization of glycemic control in diabetic patients should be among the priorities of the public health systems during COVID-19 pandemics.

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