4.2 Article

Physiology restores purpose to evolutionary biology

Journal

BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
Volume 139, Issue 4, Pages 357-369

Publisher

OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac049

Keywords

biological function; Central Dogma; purpose in biology; teleology

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This paragraph points out that life is a purposeful and creative process that adapts to change and maintains integrity. Physiology studies purposeful living function, which implies a purpose. However, modern physiology has gradually hidden these ideas in favor of gene-centrism in the development of molecular biology. This development needs to be reversed because identifying the functions of the whole system can more accurately predict the behavior of the entire system.
Life is purposefully creative in a continuous process of maintaining integrity; it adapts to counteract change. This is an ongoing, iterative process. Its actions are essentially directed to this purpose. Life exists to exist. Physiology is the study of purposeful living function. Function necessarily implies purpose. This was accepted all the way from William Harvey in the 17(th) century, who identified the purpose of the heart to pump blood and so feed the organs and tissues of the body, through many 19(th) and early 20(th) century examples. But late 20(th) century physiology was obliged to hide these ideas in shame. Teleology became the 'lady who no physiologist could do without, but who could not be acknowledged in public.' This emasculation of the discipline accelerated once the Central Dogma of molecular biology was formulated, and once physiology had become sidelined as concerned only with the disposable vehicle of evolution. This development has to be reversed. Even on the practical criterion of relevance to health care, gene-centrism has been a disaster, since prediction from elements to the whole system only rarely succeeds, whereas identifying whole system functions invariably makes testable predictions at an elemental level.

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