Energetic Particle Perpendicular Diffusion: Simulations and Theory in Noisy Reduced Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence

The transport of energetic charged particles (e.g., cosmic rays) in turbulent magnetic fields is usually characterized in terms of the diffusion parallel and perpendicular to a large-scale (or mean) magnetic field. The nonlinear guiding center theory has been a prominent perpendicular diffusion theory. A recent version of this theory, based on the random ballistic spreading of magnetic field lines and a backtracking correction (RBD/BC), has shown good agreement with test particle simulations for a two-component magnetic turbulence model. The aim of the present study is to test the generality of the improved theory by applying it to the noisy reduced magnetohydrodynamic (NRMHD) turbulence model, determining perpendicular diffusion coefficients that are compared with those from the field line random walk (FLRW) and unified nonlinear (UNLT) theories and our test particle simulations. The synthetic NRMHD turbulence model creates special conditions for energetic particle transport, with no magnetic fluctuations at higher parallel wavenumbers so there is no resonant parallel scattering if the particle Larmor radius R (L) is even slightly smaller than the minimum resonant scale. This leads to nonmonotonic variation in the parallel mean free path lambda (parallel to) with R (L). Among the theories considered, only RBD/BC matches simulations within a factor of 2 over the range of parameters considered. This accuracy is obtained even though the theory depends on lambda (parallel to) and has no explicit dependence on R (L). In addition, the UNLT theory often provides accurate results, and even the FLRW limit provides a very simple and reasonable approximation in many cases.

Automated summary

This study tests the generality of an improved theory by applying it to a noisy reduced magnetohydrodynamic (NRMHD) turbulence model and comparing perpendicular diffusion coefficients with other theories and test particle simulations. The results show that the improved theory matches simulations within a factor of 2, demonstrating its accuracy and effectiveness in understanding energetic particle transport in turbulent magnetic fields.