Journal
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
Volume 934, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
IOP Publishing Ltd
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac7b78
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Funding
- US National Science Foundation (NSF)
- US Department of Energy Office of High-Energy Physics
- Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program of Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT), Mexico [271051, 232656, 260378, 179588, 254964, 258865, 243290, 132197, A1-S-46288, A1-S-22784, catedras 873, 1563, 341, 323]
- DGAPA-UNAM [IG101320, IN111716-3, IN111419, IA102019, IN110621, IN110521]
- VIEP-BUAP
- University of Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
- Polish Science Centre grant [DEC-2017/27/B/ST9/02272]
- Coordinacion de la Investigacion Cientifica de la Universidad Michoacana
- Royal Society-Newton Advanced Fellowship [180385]
- Generalitat Valenciana [CIDEGENT/2018/034]
- Chulalongkorn University's CUniverse (CUAASC)
- Coordinacion General Academica e Innovacion(CGAI-UdeG) [PRODEP-SEP UDG-CA-499]
- Institute of Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), University of Tokyo
- NASA [80GSFC21M0002]
- PIFI 2012
- PIFI 2013
- PROFOCIE 2014
- PROFOCIE 2015
- Institute of Geophysics, Planetary Physics, and Signatures at Los Alamos National Laboratory
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This paper investigates the spectral energy distribution of M87 from radio to gamma rays and explains the nonflaring VHE emission using a lepto-hadronic emission model based on fitting the observed data.
The radio galaxy M87 is the central dominant galaxy of the Virgo Cluster. Very high-energy (VHE, greater than or similar to 0.1 TeV) emission from M87 has been detected by imaging air Cherenkov telescopes. Recently, marginal evidence for VHE long-term emission has also been observed by the High Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory, a gamma-ray and cosmic-ray detector array located in Puebla, Mexico. The mechanism that produces VHE emission in M87 remains unclear. This emission originates in its prominent jet, which has been spatially resolved from radio to X-rays. In this paper, we construct a spectral energy distribution from radio to gamma rays that is representative of the nonflaring activity of the source, and in order to explain the observed emission, we fit it with a lepto-hadronic emission model. We found that this model is able to explain nonflaring VHE emission of M87 as well as an orphan flare reported in 2005.
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