Journal
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
Volume 590, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.153069
Keywords
Smithsonite; Ammonia; Lead ion; Adsorption; Xanthate; Flotation
Categories
Funding
- Yangtze River Scholar Program in Kunming University of Science and Technology [109720190145]
- High-Level Talent Recruitment Program of Yunnan Province [CCC21321005A]
- Top-Notch Young Talents Project of Ten Thousand Program of Yunnan Province [YNWR-QMBJ-2019-051]
- University Student Innovation Project of Kunming University of Science and Technology [202010674033]
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Surface modification of smithsonite with Pb ions using NH3•H2O enhanced Pb ion adsorption, leading to improved flotation performance. The main Pb species adsorbed were Pb(OH)2 and Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 precipitates, increasing by 35.29% on the smithsonite surface. This method increased the recovery of NH3•H2O-pretreated smithsonite by approximately 10% in a Pb ion-modified sulfidization-xanthate flotation system.
The surface modification of smithsonite with Pb ions is an effective method to improve the sulfidization-xanthate flotation process. In the present study, NH3 center dot H2O was employed to enhance Pb ion adsorption on the smithsonite surface, thus improving its flotation performance. The time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses showed that the main species of Pb adsorbed were Pb(OH)(2) and Pb-3(CO3)(2)(OH)(2) precipitates. Adsorption of the main Pb species increased by 35.29% (TOF-SIMS) on the smithsonite surface at an appropriate NH3 center dot H2O concentration. Analysis of the chemical reactions in the aqueous solution indicated that the aqueous NH3 interacted with the smithsonite surface, and more uncoordinated carbonate ions and hydroxyl ions were produced. The uncoordinated sites further combined with free Pb-3(OH)(4)(2+) and PbOH+ in solution, forming more Pb precipitates on the smithsonite surface during Pb ion adsorption. As a result, the recovery of NH3 center dot H2O-pretreated smithsonite was increased by approximately 10% in a Pb ion-modified sulfidization-xanthate flotation system.
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