4.1 Article

Morphologic observation for anomalous patterns of the flexor carpi radialis muscle and atypical insertions: a proposal for a new classification

Journal

ANATOMICAL SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
Volume 98, Issue 1, Pages 99-106

Publisher

SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s12565-022-00675-6

Keywords

Accessory muscular bundle; Flexor carpi radialis muscle; Human anatomy; Tendon of flexor carpi radialis muscle; Variation

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This study classified variations of the flexor carpi radialis with accessory muscular bundles and different insertions of the tendon. These findings are important for anatomical education and have significant implications in clinical diagnosis and therapies.
In the present study, four types of variations of the flexor carpi radialis with accessory muscular bundles were classified depending on the origin of the accessory muscular bundle and relationships with the bicipital aponeurosis, biceps brachii, pronator teres, and coracobrachialis. Six types of insertions of the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis were also divided according to their inserted positions on the carpal and metacarpal bones. An accessory muscular bundle of the flexor carpi radialis was found in 4 (1 female and 3 males) of 68 cadavers (5.88%), with five examples in 136 arms (3.68%). It was bilateral in one cadaver and unilateral (two on the right and one on the left) in three. The insertion of the flexor carpi radialis tendon was not only on the proximal surface of the base of the second metacarpal bone but also on the third metacarpal bone, the tubercle of the trapezium, and the scaphoid. These findings and classifications are important in anatomical education, and have important significances in clinical diagnosis and therapies.

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